Age is more than just a number! The role of age and maturity in the processes leading to early school leaving in Flanders (Belgium)

In many educational systems, age is used as a criterion to organise education. Children's age is used to group students together and indicate entry into particular programmes. The use of age for organisational purposes in education stems from the idea that age provides an indication of the development of children, which is associated with teaching and learning. However, more far‐reaching consequences of age‐related educational practices are insufficiently recognised in policy and academic research. Qualitative methods are used to study students and school personnel in diverse types of educational institutions in Flanders (Belgium) to assess how age and age‐related issues matter for the students’ educational trajectories and educational decision‐making processes leading to early school leaving. Data analyses reveal that school staff members consider age and perceived maturity during evaluation procedures. Students also consider age during educational decision‐making processes: when getting older or being too old for the grade, students increasingly weigh the costs and benefits associated with getting an educational qualification and being enrolled in school and alternative opportunities. Students’ expectations related to age shape their school experiences and feelings of belonging. The findings of this study demonstrate how these educational practices add to the reproduction of inequalities through education. These results could inform debates concerning the evaluation procedures in secondary education, compulsory education and the reduction of early school leaving in Europe.     

中职教师在职攻读硕士学位的需求与影响因素分析

当前中职教师迫切需要提高学历、学位层次，更新知识，加强动手能力及学习职业教育理论。中职教师在职攻读硕士学位可以很好地满足这种需求，但现实中还存在某些因素影响着这条渠道的畅通，如在校工作任务、学校管理及入学资格考试等。     

Becoming Poetry Teachers: Studying Poems Through Choral Reading

Abstract

The poet, Seamus Heaney, argues that transformations for both teachers and students may be engendered through recognising the connections and distinctions between the language of poetry and the language of everyday life. This article explores some of the ways in which choral reading of poetry, using multiple voices like musical instruments, may change student teachers’ perceptions of poetry. Five small groups of Secondary English student teachers on an initial teacher education Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) course constructed choral readings, each group working with a different poem. During the session, they wrote journal entries about how creating the readings and listening to other people led them to think differently about studying poetry with students in the classroom as future secondary English teachers. Several months later, a small voluntary group met to recollect the session and consider more critically the potential of choral reading as one possible approach to teaching poetry.     

论毛泽东在战争指导上对量变质变规律的运用和发展

毛泽东同志创造性地将唯物辩证法与中国革命相结合,在矛盾分析中把握事物的质和量,提出了旧的质和量与新的质和量不同方向变化的科学论断,深化和发展了质量互变规律的理论,同时从表质上揭示了战争双方敌我力量的强弱及其转化规律,运用科学的作战原则和方针,促使革命力量实现了由量的积累到质的转化。     

关于民族高校"弱势群体"的几点思考

就民族高校而言，多数学生来自尚欠发达的民族地区，普遍存在着经济比较困难，基础比较薄弱，心理适应较差等现象。随着改革的深化，这一现象更为突出，因而，从民族高校学生中的“弱势群体”入手，进一步探索民族高等教育的发展很有必要。     

陈与义咏梅诗寓意探微

在诗歌史上，梅花很早就被文人赋予了高洁品格的象征意义。到了宋代，咏梅成为文人的一时趣尚，两宋之交的杰出诗人陈与义一生以大量的诗篇咏梅，在梅的意象中，或寄托高远的人格理想，或传达脱俗的诗艺理念，或寄寓深切的怀乡之情，托意丰富，风格清迥，梅花的人文色彩得到进一步的强化。     

重视贫困地区中学生学习方法的指导

采用自制学习方法问卷，对贫困地区部分中学的中学生进行抽样调查，结合教育心理学的理论研究，结果发现:中学生大部分在学习方法上存在目的性、程序性、思维性、迁移性的偏向和弊端。教育者务必从心理教育的高度帮助学生改进学习方法，使学生学会学习。     

国内四省区普通中小学作业情况调查研究

以自编问卷调查北京、山西、四川、澳门四省市的1、3、5、8、11年级学生连续1周的课外作业情况、作息时间及课外活动安排。调查结果显示:学生作业时间严重超标;学生作业类型单一,以记忆、背诵为主的巩固类作业为主;作业主要集中于语文、数学等主要学科,副科几乎没有作业;学生睡眠时间严重不足;中学生每日在校时间大大超过国家规定时间;学生课外活动种类少,室外活动时间偏少,时间安排不合理;学生的作业时间及课外活动时间与地域、学校类型及年级有较大关联,与学生的性别无相关。     

背越式跳高过杆动作典型错误的分析及纠正

背越式跳高是一项技术动作较为复杂的跳跃项目 ,在公共体育课教学中 ,由于跳高技术动作的复杂性和对身体素质要求较高 ,学生经常出现错误动作 .本文就背越式跳高过杆动作典型错误的产生原因进行分析 ,并提出了纠正的方法     

建筑给水二次污染的探讨

探讨了建筑给水系统在设计、施工、管理等各个环节产生二次污染的原因及严重性，提出采用优质管材和新型内防腐涂料，控制贮水池和水箱的水质污染等防止水质污染的技术措施，推荐使用虹吸、隔墙、接通气管等较优的设计方法保证生活系统和消防系统共用贮水池时的水质。