基于知识转换模型的科学写作探析

科学写作是将学生的科学理解和科学思维过程具体化为外在表征的过程,对学生的科学学习具有重要价值。知识转换模型作为解释学生科学写作心理过程的理论框架,有效揭示了写作促进学生学习的认知过程。与知识陈述模型相比,基于知识转换模型的科学写作更有助于促进学生生成与建构新知识,凸显学生的科学思维和科学理解。基于知识转换模型的科学写作需要教师明确科学写作目的,以合作者身份参与学生写作;引导学生设定科学写作目标,形成任务的心理表征;指导学生在科学写作的体裁与功能之间建立联系,激活问题空间;为学生设计多样化的作品读者,推动知识转换的进程;重视对学生科学写作过程的评价。     

Land degradation,government subsidy,and smallholders’ conservation decision: the case of the loess plateau in China

Land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated land into forestry and pasture. This paper represents the first systematic attempt to investigate the impact of the soil conservation program on land degradation in the loess plateau. The results indicate that the soil conservation program to convert slope fields into forest or pasture is an effective way to combat soil erosion. However, a subsidy that is higher than profit of land use activity of slope fields before their conversion into forest and pasture is needed to encourage farmers to join the conservation program. A policy measure to encourage and assist farmers to develop sedentary livestock by using crops produced from fields as well as fodder and forage grass from the converted slope fields might contribute to combat soil erosion. Increase in off-farm job opportunities may encourage households to reduce cultivation in slope fields. That implies a policy measure to encourage rural urbanization might contribute to combat soil erosion.     

企业员工培训课程的设计与教学

企业员工培训课程的设计与教学，在很大程度上决定着企业员工培训的效果。因此，企业员工培训应重视课程设计的科学性和课程教学的艺术性。前包括：分析员工的需求，确定课程目标；确定课程内容和实施方式：拟定评估方案。后包括录像、游戏、案例、音乐等课程教学的艺术手段。     

高烈度区多层住宅短肢剪力墙结构设计

针对目前高烈度区多层砌体结构住宅存在的问题和粘土砖被淘汰,采用混凝土结构形式建造多层住宅成为住宅产业的发展方向。通过对各种混凝土结构形式的比较,得出短肢剪力墙结构是建造多层住宅的首选结构形式．并对短肢剪力墙结构设计中存在的一些问题进行了探讨,最后通过实例对多层短肢剪力墙进行了设计和计算．为在高烈度地区建造此类结构提供了设计参考。     

接受与放弃继承制度之立法体例研究——以德国和澳门为鉴

根据法律关于接受与放弃继承的期限、方式和效力的不同规定，可以把当然继承主义之下的接受与放弃继承制度概括为四种立法体例。其中德国采用的立法体例最值得我国借鉴；澳门民法典中接受与放弃继承的某些规定也具有参考价值。     

半导体制冷的圆柱体三维传热模型及仿真

考虑热源和外部环境对圆柱体三维传热模型和温度场分布的影响,建立了基于半导体制冷的圆柱体三维传热模型,利用变量分离法和拉普拉斯变换法,导出了其三维温度场的封闭解析解．通过数值计算和编程仿真,给出相应的仿真结果,分析了半导体制冷片的位置变化对圆柱体三维温度场的影响特性．为进一步分析圆柱体三维温度场及其应用提供理论依据．     

Jigsaw教学模式在中职体育教学中的运用

在中职体育教学实践中,科学选择、合理运用jigsaw教学模式,可以有效克服以往传统教学模式形式僵化、内容单一、缺乏创新的弊端;在阐述jigsaw教学方法在中职体育课运用的过程与实施方法的同时,提出了一些需要注意的问题。     

人体体成分的模型及检测方法研究进展

人体体成分的研究由来已久，随着科技的飞速发展，其研究层次日益深入，研究手段也渐趋丰富。对人体体成分的模型及检测方法，特别是十几种间接测定方法，进行了较为全面的概括性总结，以期能对人体体成分学研究的进一步深入有所裨益。     

网络健康信息精准服务模式研究

[目的/意义]为了满足网络用户日益增长的健康信息需求，本文旨在对网络健康信息精准服务模式进行研究，为我国健康信息服务发展提供参考。[方法/过程]本文在分析现有的网络健康信息服务模式的基础上，综合考虑了健康信息资源和用户需求两个方面的因素，构建了网络健康信息精准服务模式，并提出了精准信息服务：个性化定制服务、信息推送服务、个性化互动式服务。[结果/结论]网络健康精准信息服务在开展过程中还存在着许多问题，发展需要全社会的支持和配合。     

A description of a mother's play guidance for her child with autism in the process of playing by the rules

The purpose of this study is to describe the strategies used by a mother with a child with autism during games activities with peers to provide the child with social skills. The research method of this study is ‘a qualitative single‐subject case study’. The participants in this research are a mother and her 9‐year‐old child with autism, one brother and three typically developing peers. The research data were collected through field notes, interviews, audio and videotape recordings during natural interactions between the mother and her child. The strategies the mother used were analysed using video records during games activities in a natural park. The interactions of the mother with her child were examined in the context of a hide‐and‐seek game. Micro‐ethnographic‐analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the video records. According to the research data, it was found that the mother with a child with autism made extensive use of 13 different verbal strategies and seven different non‐verbal strategies. It was observed that the mother guided her child and the group during the hide‐and‐seek game, arranged the environment of the games, carried out routine activities both at the beginning and at the end of the games and arranged the games in accordance with the abilities and preferences of the child. These applications bear a resemblance to the model of integrated game groups. As a result, the data from the present research reveal that a mother having a child with autism acts as a guide during the games and uses verbal and non‐verbal interaction strategies in this guidance process and by doing so contributes to the process of participation in the games by the child with autism and in the child's social interaction with his peers.