浅谈如何上好中职机械基础第一课

机械基础课程是机械专业的核心基础课程,在学生后续专业课程的学习起上着承上启下的作用。作为一名多年从事机械专业的教师,深知第一课上得成功与否,十分关键,它既关系到老师在学生心目中的形象,又直接影响学生今后的学习兴趣和热情,进而影响到教学效果。本文结合中职学生学习特点,对如何上好中职机械专业＂机械基础＂第一课进行了有益的探讨。     

体校化学教学的一些思考

入体校进行教学后,面对学生重训轻文化的状况,在教学上遇到了许多的困难,深切感到面对与普通学校不同的这些体校学生,以前的教学经验已不再适用。于是经过不断地思索,并逐步加以改进,在教材、联系生活、学生实验方面等,一直努力尝试提高学生的化学学习兴趣,以达到使学生增强化学学习信心、加强对化学学习的重视,提高学生自学能力的目的。     

Software for calculating blood lactate endurance markers

Abstract

Blood lactate markers are used as summary measures of the underlying model of an athlete's blood lactate response to increasing work rate. Exercise physiologists use these endurance markers, typically corresponding to a work rate in the region of high curvature in the lactate curve, to predict and compare endurance ability. A short theoretical background of the commonly used markers is given and algorithms provided for their calculation. To date, no free software exists that allows the sports scientist to calculate these markers. In this paper, software is introduced for precisely this purpose that will calculate a variety of lactate markers for an individual athlete, an athlete at different instants (e.g. across a season), and simultaneously for a squad.     

One-year endurance training: Effects on lung function and airway inflammation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether endurance training in athletes induces airway inflammation and pulmonary function disorders. Respiratory pattern and function were analysed in ten healthy endurance runners at rest, during sub-maximal exercise, and during the recovery. Inflammatory cells and metabolites (histamine, interleukin-8, and leukotriene E₄) were measured in sputum at rest and after exercise. The experiments were conducted on three different occasions (basic endurance training, pre-competitive and competitive periods). In spite of the absence of post-exercise spirometric changes and respiratory symptoms, airway cells counts and inflammatory markers changed significantly. At the beginning of the experiment, athletes' induced sputum showed an abundance of macrophages compared with neutrophils. We found a high percentage of neutrophils during the pre-competitive and competitive periods of the sport season (41% and 37%), a significant increase in macrophage counts during the pre-competitive period (51%), and a significant rise in total cells, interleukin-8, leukotriene E₄, and histamine during the competitive period. In conclusion, one year's training increased markers of inflammation in the airways of endurance runners without symptoms or changes in pulmonary function, suggesting that airway inflammation is of insufficient magnitude to markedly impact lung function in healthy athletes.     

Soccer and Zumba as health-promoting activities among female hospital employees: a 40-weeks cluster randomised intervention study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of soccer and Zumba among female hospital employees during a 40-week intervention period. Hospital employees (n = 118) were cluster-randomised to either a soccer group (n = 41), a Zumba group (n = 38) or a control group (n = 39). Both training groups were encouraged to perform 1-h training sessions twice a week outside working hours throughout the 40 weeks. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max), blood pressure and body composition were measured and blood samples collected before and after the intervention period. Using intention-to-treat analyses, the Zumba group improved VO₂ max compared to the control group (2.2 mL · kg^?1 · min^?1, 95% CI, 0.9, 3.5, P = 0.001), with no significant increase in the soccer group (1.1 mL · kg^?1 · min^?1, 95% CI, ?0.2, 2.4, P = 0.08). Both intervention groups reduced total body fat mass and fat percentage compared to the control group (P < 0.01). In the soccer group, but not the Zumba group, a significant difference in lower limb bone mineral density and bone mineral content was observed in comparison to the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the soccer group, but not the Zumba group, had increased plasma osteocalcin (6.6 µg · L^?1, 95% CI, 2.2, 11.0, P < 0.01) and decreased plasma leptin (?6.6 µg · L^?1, 95% CI, ?12.5, ?0.7, P < 0.05) compared to the control group. The present study suggests that workplace-initiated soccer and Zumba training comprising 1–2 sessions per week outside working hours may promote physiological health among female hospital employees.     

汉语后置假设标记与“联系项居中原则”

跨语言的比较研究表明,VO型语言倾向于使用前置假设标记,OV型语言倾向于使用后置假设标记。但汉语作为VO型语言却使用了后置假设标记,不符合语言类型倾向性。本文研究发现,这恰恰是汉语满足“联系项居中原则”的重要手段之一,相对于其他VO型语言,汉语假设标记的位置受“联系项居中原则”制约更明显。     

前列腺癌预后相关分子标志物

前列腺癌作为男性生殖系统好发的恶性肿瘤,其发生及预后的判断直接关系到男性的生存健康。传统的前列腺癌预后评价指标,如TNM分期、Gleason评分和PSA表达水平等,对临床预后判断有一定意义。但近些年大量分子标志物的发现和应用为前列腺癌的预后评估提供了更可靠、更准确的依据。文章对与前列腺癌发生、转移及血管生成等相关的分子标志物作一综述。     

也论当下陕西本土文学批评——兼与李徽昭先生商榷

李徽昭博士在其新作《当下文学批评问题及其理念思考——以陕西本土文学批评为例》中对鄙人《文学批评三足鼎立局面观察》进行了批驳,对陕西本土文学批评进行全盘否定。在徽昭先生眼里,陕西本土文学批评问题多多,诸如批评身份错位、批评意识匮乏等。一句话,将陕西文坛尤其是陕西本土文学批评完全"妖魔化""绝望化"。在此,笔者想和徽昭先生商榷:陕西本土文学研究者到底是"自满"还是"自信"?陕西本土文学研究者与作家关系近了是好事还是坏事?并提出了自己的观点:对接、对话和交响是当下陕西本土文学批评突出重围、与世界文学接轨的关键和基本发展趋势。     

师范大学生的自信现状分析与教育启示

目的为了解师范大学生的自信现状。方法为运用个人评价问卷(PEI)的方式对重庆三所高校中随机抽取的306名师范专业的大学生进行调查。结果为男师范大学生自信评价水平高于女师范大学生,特别是在体育运动方面;来自农村的师范大学生仅在学业表现方面自信评价水平高于来自城镇的师范大学生;除学业表现方面外,艺体类师范大学生自信评价水平高于文科类师范大学生。结论为社会、学校、家庭都应提高对师范大学生自信的重视程度,应针对不同群体的师范大学生采取不同的培养方式,以提高师范大学生的自信水平。     

话语标记语在口语交际中的关联功能与语篇运用

本文以"话语标记语"为主题,探讨了其在口语交际中的语用功能。通过BEC口试语料分析,研究口语交际中话语标记语这一语言现象,探讨说话人是如何利用这种衔接的语言手段来减少听者处理话语的负担,以达到有效的沟通。