Family and social risk,and parental investments during the early childhood years as predictors of low-income children's school readiness outcomes

Using data from the National Early Head Start (EHS) Research and Evaluation Project (N = 1851), the current study examined relations among cumulative family and social risk, assessed during infancy and the preschool years, and children's prekindergarten achievement, self-regulatory skills, and problematic social behavior, testing if these associations were mediated through two sets of family processes–responsive parenting practices and the provision of language stimulation and literacy practices. Structural equation modeling results highlight the significance of the timing of children's experience of risk in predicting school readiness competencies. Risk exposure during infancy was observed to be most detrimental for children's school readiness skills and was partially mediated by risk exposure during the preschool years and family processes, assessed during toddlerhood and the preschool years. Moderation analyses revealed no difference in the strength of relationships among the study variables by EHS assignment or by race/ethnicity.     

Critique in academic disciplines and active learning of academic content

This article argues for increased theoretical specificity in the active learning process. Whereas constructivist learning emphasizes construction of meaning, the process articulated here complements meaning construction with disciplinary critique. This process is an implication of how disciplinary communities generate new knowledge claims, which is comprised by an interaction of roles – authors construct claims and peers critique them. Because disciplinary critique drives and shapes generation of knowledge claims, specialized features of these claims both justify and define their meaning. Here science is offered as an example, in which critique drives measurement of key concepts, thereby anchoring their meaning in operational definitions. The account of active learning proposed sheds new light on both historical and contemporary characterizations of active learning in terms of taking a critical stance toward content, in which the learner questions and challenges content. Thus students, rather than teachers, should actively challenge their emerging understanding of content.     

长期冰川学观测引领大陆性和干旱区冰川变化与影响研究

中国是中纬度山地冰川大国,冰川科学研究十分重要。冰川还是我国西部干旱区重要的水资源——我国及周边国家大江大河的源头,由冰川变化引发的水文、水资源变化对于我国西北干旱区山盆地理结构的生态系统具有决定性意义。中国科学院天山冰川观测试验站(以下简称"天山冰川站")建立于中国冰川学开创之初的1959年,围绕乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川(以下简称"1号冰川")的研究,对中国冰川科学理论的形成和发展起着关键性作用,亦是对国际冰川学的重要发展和贡献。以乌鲁木齐河山区流域综合观测试验为基础的水文学研究,奠定了我国内陆河流域水文研究基础。60年来,作为中国冰川学观测、试验、研究和人才培养的基地,对外开放交流的平台,天山冰川站在冰川物理学、冰川对气候变化的响应、冰川水文、雪冰物理化学过程、第四纪冰川、冰缘植被与生态等研究方向取得系统性创新成果,为中国的冰川学事业作出了卓越贡献。世界冰川监测服务中心(WGMS)将1号冰川列为全球10条重点观测研究的参照冰川之一,即作为中国和中亚干旱区的参照冰川,其长期、系统的观测研究成为许多国家冰川学研究的参照和典范。     

一种正在演进着的人类发展观——人的发展的生物生态学模型述评

美国心理学教授Urie Bronfenbrenner在批评传统发展研究的基础上,提出了一个"正在演进着"的理论体系--人的发展的生物生态学模型.Bronfenbrenner提倡在发现模式中以及用生态实验的方法采研究人的发展.该理论模型具有四个定义性特征:过程、个人、情境和时间,其中过程构成了模型的核心.这四个定义性特征之间相互影响、相互联系,形成了一个动态的系统.人的发展的生物生态学模型提供了一种揭示人的发展的本质的新视角.     

网站质量保障流程与测试方法优化的研究与应用

针对目前国内网站建设尚处于低水平,网站制作质量参差不齐,网站建设缺乏合理的项目管理科学流程;结合国内的实际情况,提出相关网站质量保障流程与测试方法优化方案,应用到网站开发流程中。优秀的网站质量保障流程与测试方法优化,可以保障网站开发的质量,提高网站建设企业的利润空间,让整个网站建设行业重新焕发生机。     

实践中的好课与好课的实践

搞好教学工作,不断提高人才培养质量,是高等院校办学工作的一个永恒的主题.一门好课是指在学生学习时有享受之感、学习该课程之后有形影相随之感、大学毕业后有挥之不去之感的课程.教好一门课,要把握以下几个环节:正确认识形势、认识学生、认识自己,端正自己的态度,研究教材与备课,讲授与辅导,总结与升华.     

自相似过程的遍历性及相关函数的性质

设{X（f）,t≥0}是指数H（〉0）型的自相似过程,给出了其相关函数的一些性质．并且当{X（f）,t≥0}为均方连续的自相似过程时,给出了其均值和相关函数遍历性的定义,然后获得了它们的遍历性定理．     

Diary-based strategy assessment and its relationship to performance in a group of trainee teachers

Our work is based on the study of learning strategies used by a group of trainee teachers in a real learning situation, and how this use of strategies influences the results of the learning process. We use a diary as a tool to assess the learning strategies and compare the results obtained with those using an inventory. Our findings indicate that the deliberate use of strategies (measured by diaries) has a positive effect on knowledge acquisition, with the qualitative analysis method of the verbal protocols noted in the diaries proving more valuable than the use of traditional inventories.     

Generalized Sampling Series Approximation of Random Signals from Local Averages

Signals are often of random character since theycannot bear any information if they are predictable forany timet,they are usually modelled as stationary ran-dom processes. Balakrishnan[1]and Lloyd[2]investiga-ted the Shannon sampling on stationary randomp…