Explaining the substantial inter-domain and over-time correlations in student achievement: the importance of stable student attributes

Multi-domain and longitudinal studies of student achievement routinely find moderate to strong correlations across achievement domains and even stronger within-domain correlations over time. The purpose of this study is to examine the sources of these patterns analysing student achievement in 5 domains across Years 3, 5 and 7. The analysis is of longitudinal population data of over 22,000 students and utilizes fixed-effects models to incorporate stable general and domain-specific latent factors. These latent factors correspond to a general cognitive-ability-like factor and specific aptitudes in particular, or types of, subject areas. The preferred model incorporates both general and domain-specific latent factors with stronger effects for the general factor, although the domain-specific factors are particularly strong for spelling and numeracy. When taking into account general and domain-specific latent factors, the effects of student’s socioeconomic status (SES) and school SES are trivial.     

涵事介词短语的生成及其构句机制

根据介词的不同,涵事介词短语蕴含句可分为涵事＂把＂字句和＂用＂字句两种类型。前者由涵事宾语整体前移或分裂前移而生成,后者则只能由涵事宾语整体前移而生成。这两种涵事介词短语蕴含句,由于标记涵事的介词不同,其述谓成分、谓核动词的句法与语义特征以及主宾语的语义类别都存在着差异;涵事介词短语与其他句法成分在句法、语义上的相互选择与匹配,都有其自身的特点,存在着不同的构句机制。     

语义的模糊性及其翻译策略研究

模糊是语言的本质属性之一,是现实生活中,更是文学作品中的一个重要现象。模糊语言在具体运用中主要体现出三个交际特征:含蓄性、包容性、概括性。语言模糊性与翻译研究有着密切的联系,两者的有机结合将会极大地促进翻译理论与实践的发展。     

瞬时性“一A”

＂一＂与＂形容词＂相结合（即＂一A＂）的用法问题,前人早有论述,但一般只限于＂一＂与＂A＂语法意义的简单论述。文章在已有成果的基础上重点讨论了瞬时性＂一A＂中＂A＂的构成及其结构的语义特征及语用功能。     

纽马克文本功能分类与翻译方法在翻译研究和教学中的应用

彼得.纽马克借用德国功能语言学家卡尔.布勒的语言功能工具模式,将文本按语言功能和交际目的分为不同的类型,并针对不同类型的文本提出不同的方法——语义翻译或交际翻译的方法,从而将语言功能、文本交际目的和翻译方法结合起来,被公认对翻译研究、翻译实践和教学有直接指导意义。     

主应力轴旋转情况下土的各向异性理论研究进展

从理论方面,对国内外主应力轴旋转情况下土的各向异性研究进行了对比和总结,并提出了一些研究建议。指出在理论方面,应当对屈服面方程采用应力分量表示的模型在三维空间里进行屈服面性状的描述,同时考虑不同加载方向下屈服面的变化特性以及旋转硬化的问题,并应开展对加载方向变化时土体屈服面变化特性的实验研究及理论验证。     

从“言语行为理论”谈话语的语用分析

语用学是一门专门研究在不同的言语环境中如何理解和使用语言的科学,语用分析如句法分析和语义分析一样,注重语言交际技能,所以以交际的角度看,语用是关键。本文着重在非语言性环境下运用"言语行为理论"对隐含义、语用原则及复句间的运用关系进行语用分析。     

现代汉语介词配价结构探析

现代汉语介词是一种具有配价能力和配价要求的特殊虚词。与动词配价结构相比,介词的配价结构在句法上具有非独立性,在语义上具有非自足性,是句子深层中的次谓语。介词的配价成分在数量上一般是两个,通常表现为句子的主语和介词的宾语,其中后项配位倾向于由时间、地点、工具等非核心语义角色充当。     

Software review

STATISTICA 5.0. StatSoft, 2325 East 13th Street, Tulsa, OK 74104, (918) 583–4149. $995 retail, academic site license—$2,000 for 10 copies. Requirements: 386 or better, 4 Meg RAM, Microsoft Windows 3.1 or 95.     

Fitting Nonlinear Latent Growth Curve Models With Individually Varying Time Points

Individual growth trajectories of psychological phenomena are often theorized to be nonlinear. Additionally, individuals’ measurement schedules might be unique. In a structural equation framework, latent growth curve model (LGM) applications typically have either (a) modeled nonlinearity assuming some degree of balance in measurement schedules, or (b) accommodated truly individually varying time points, assuming linear growth. This article describes how to fit 4 popular nonlinear LGMs (polynomial, shape-factor, piecewise, and structured latent curve) with truly individually varying time points, via a definition variable approach. The extension is straightforward for certain nonlinear LGMs (e.g., polynomial and structured latent curve) but in the case of shape-factor LGMs requires a reexpression of the model, and in the case of piecewise LGMs requires introduction of a general framework for imparting piecewise structure, along with tools for its automation. All 4 nonlinear LGMs with individually varying time scores are demonstrated using an empirical example on infant weight, and software syntax is provided. The discussion highlights some advantages of modeling nonlinear growth within structural equation versus multilevel frameworks, when time scores individually vary.