对语义网格及其在数字图书馆信息检索中应用的探讨

本文在对语义网及网格技术进行简要介绍、分析的基础上,提出了语义网格环境下数字图书馆信息检索模型,并详细阐述用户获取信息的过程。在文章的结尾,还就相关研究的发展方向进行展望。     

“得”字句的多角度考察

文章从语义、句法、语用几方面考察＂得＂字句的限制条件。语义上,补语所表示的结果、状态、程度等必须缘起于＂得＂前的动作行为或状态。句法上,否定式补语、＂把＂字句和＂被＂字句主要动词带的补语、二级补语等不能转换成状语。重动句的谓语动词通常不能是非自主动词;补语语义指向动作的重动句是否表示惯常性的行为要视整个句子的情状而定;动作行为为旧信息时一般不使用重动句。     

移情与共鸣：商标翻译审美再创造的原则与策略

商标翻译是审美主体通过审美体验、移情和共鸣对审美客体即原商标进行再创造而产生新的审美客体即译名商标的复杂过程。在商标翻译的审美再创造过程中,音美再创造、意美再创造和音意合一再创造是三种主要的再创造手段。译者即审美主体要不断地增强自身的审美意识,洞析译语民族的审美心理和审美情趣,努力提高自身的审美洞察力和创造力,尽可能地使原商标与译语商标具有相同甚或更佳的审美效果,从而最大限度地实现商标的商业价值。     

利用语义约束实现用户个性化的服务组合算法

为了提高服务组合的质量和效率,提出了一种基于语义约束的服务组合算法.算法中,首先利用2层语义匹配算法对用户需求和服务库中的服务进行比较,利用用户约束性个性化需求对符合匹配的服务进行筛选,从而在第一时间缩小了服务组合算法执行过程中服务的搜索空间,然后对候选的服务组合组件进行用户趋向性个性化需求计算,选择其中最符合用户个性化需求的服务构成最终的服务组合.通过仿真实验证明,该算法有效提高了服务组合算法的运行效率,并且保证了用户的个性化需求得到最大满足.     

Fitting Unstructured Finite Mixture Models in Longitudinal Design: A Recommendation for Model Selection and Estimation of the Number of Classes

In longitudinal design, investigating interindividual differences of intraindividual changes enables researchers to better understand the potential variety of development and growth. Although latent growth curve mixture models have been widely used, unstructured finite mixture models (uFMMs) are also useful as a preliminary tool and are expected to be more robust in identifying classes under the influence of possible model misspecifications, which are very common in actual practice. In this study, large-scale simulations were performed in which various normal uFMMs and nonnormal uFMMs were fit to evaluate their utility and the performance of each model selection procedure for estimating the number of classes in longitudinal designs. Results show that normal uFMMs assuming invariance of variance–covariance structures among classes perform better on average. Among model selection procedures, the Calinski–Harabasz statistic, which has a nonparametric nature, performed better on average than information criteria, including the Bayesian information criterion.     

Key somatic variables in young backstroke swimmers

The purpose of this study was to estimate the optimal body size, limb-segment length, girth or breadth ratios for 100-m backstroke mean speed performance in young swimmers. Sixty-three young swimmers (boys [n = 30; age: 13.98 ± 0.58 years]; girls [n = 33; age: 13.02 ± 1.20 years]) participated in this study. To identify the optimal body size and body composition components associated with 100-m backstroke speed performance, we adopted a multiplicative allometric log-linear regression model, which was refined using backward elimination. The multiplicative allometric model exploring the association between 100-m backstroke mean speed performance and the different somatic measurements estimated that biological age, sitting height, leg length for the lower-limbs, and two girths (forearm and arm relaxed girth) are the key predictors. Stature and body mass did not contribute to the model, suggesting that the advantage of longer levers was limb-specific rather than a general whole-body advantage. In fact, it is only by adopting multiplicative allometric models that the abovementioned ratios could have been derived. These findings highlighted the importance of considering somatic characteristics of young backstroke swimmers and can help swimming coaches to classify their swimmers and enable them to suggest what might be the swimmers’ most appropriate stroke (talent identification).     

‘The life of crime does not pay; stop and think!’: the process of co-constructing a prototype pedagogical model of sport for working with youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds

Purpose: This study discusses the process of co-constructing a prototype pedagogical model for working with youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds.

Participants and settings: This six-month activist research project was conducted in a soccer program in a socially vulnerable area of Brazil in 2013. The study included 17 youths, 4 coaches, a pedagogic coordinator and a social worker. An expert in student-centered pedagogy and inquiry-based activism assisted as a debriefer helping in the progressive data analysis and the planning of the work sessions.

Data collection/analysis: Multiple sources of data were collected, including 38 field journal/observation and audio records of: 18 youth work sessions, 16 coaches’ work sessions, 3 combined coaches and youth work sessions, and 37 meetings between the researcher and the expert.

Findings: The process of co-construction of this prototype pedagogical model was divided into three phases. The first phase involved the youth and coaches identifying barriers to sport opportunities in their community. In the second phase, the youth, coaches and researchers imagined alternative possibilities to the barriers identified. In the final phase, we worked collaboratively to create realistic opportunities for the youth to begin to negotiate some of the barriers they identified. In this phase, the coaches and youth designed an action plan to implement (involving a Leadership Program) aimed at addressing the youths’ needs in the sport program. Five critical elements of a prototype pedagogical model were co-created through the first two processes and four learning aspirations emerged in the last phase of the project.

Implications: We suggest an activist approach of co-creating a pedagogical model of sport for working with youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds is beneficial. That is, creating opportunities for youth to learn to name, critique and negotiate barriers to their engagement in sport in order to create empowering possibilities.     

A method of providing accurate velocity feedback of performance on an instrumented kayak ergometer

On a kayak ergometer, an accurate simulation of the athlete-paddle-kayak system kinematics is essential for analysing the relationship between technique and performance. The purpose of this study was to establish a strong relationship between performances on flatwater and performances on an ergometer by means of propulsive force measurement and drag models. Two trials were performed by 12 kayakers in which they were first timed over 250 m of flatwater kayaking (the reference test) and were then asked to perform a trial of the same duration on the ergometer with the same perceived physical exertion. Three techniques for measuring propulsive force and three drag models generated nine combinations, which were all evaluated for their ability to estimate kayak velocity. For each combination, the distance covered by the athlete on the ergometer was simulated. A kayakers’ ergometer ranking was based on the average velocity in the ergometer trial. Both distance and ranking were compared to the on-water results. The simulation with the best combination of force measurement and drag model gave an accurate estimate of distance (253 ± 10.5 vs. 250 m) and ranking compared to the reference test.     

浅析中国武术走出国门之路

北京奥运会已经完美谢幕,我们期盼已久的武术只是作为表演项目,未能跻身于奥运大家庭。文章通过武术与跆拳道、柔道这些奥运项目的对比,运用文献资料研究方法和数据分析法对武术及其相关概念进行分析。认为:武术与功夫概念存在混用现象,武术作为一种体育文化,需要重新界定武术的本质特征;政府等有关部门应从战略高度对外推广武术;国内武术界应放长眼光,摒弃门派观念弊端,改变传统的武术推广模式,借鉴成功经验,让中国武术进入奥运,走出国门。