Cognitive models: The missing link to learning fraction multiplication and division

This quasi-experimental study aims to streamline cognitive models on fraction multiplication and division that contain the most worthwhile features of other existing models. Its exploratory nature and its approach to proof elicitation can be used to help establish its effectiveness in building students’ understanding of fractions as compared to the traditional algorithmic way of teaching, vis-à-vis the students’ negative notions about learning fractions. Interestingly, the study showed the benefits and drawbacks of using these cognitive models in the teaching and learning of mathematics.     

Mentors, Collaborators, Worlds or Wooden Legs: Some Images of the Role of Computers in Educational Contexts

For most users, including students, the choice of interface metaphors defines the nature, purpose and capabilities of both the computer and its software. In educational contexts the choice of interface metaphors includes consideration of beliefs and theories concerning the nature and purpose of education and the way in which learning takes place. These understandings are modified over time, resulting in changes to the types of metaphors which are felt to be appropriate for educational software. In addition to the choices made deliberately by software designers, most metaphors carry with them a legacy of extraneous understandings or entailments which may not necessarily be in keeping with their intended purposes.This article critically examines a selection of the most common and arguably the most influential of those broader metaphorical conceptions concerning the role of the computer in the classroom which have been responsible for setting the tone of student- com puter interaction. © IFIP, published by Kluwer Academic Publishers     

动作技能学习理论的演变及发展展望

动作技能学习历来是心理学所关注的重要课题,通过对动作学习理论的历史演变进行分析、归纳和预测,有助于动作学习理论的发展和完善.通过文献综述和理论分析的方法,对具有代表性的有关动作学习理论和思潮进行分析研究,结果认为:动作学习中的内隐学习研究、心理表征研究、非认知因素研究、生态学研究以及理论的整合研究将是未来动作学习研究的发展方向.     

副词“干脆”的用法分析

文章在充分占有语料的基础上对“干脆”作一全面的考察。语义方面，“干脆”表示当事人面对一个针对性事件，做出一种果决性选择行为。由于语境的不同，果决性有时表现为消极的极端性与无奈性；有时表现为积极的彻底性与有效性。篇章位置方面，“干脆”句总处于相关选择项的末项位置，且“干脆”有时具有篇章衔接功能。“干脆”的后续成分丰富，这些成分必须具有主观处置义，主要谓语必须是动词性的而不能是形容词的，且必须是具有主观处置义的自主动词。     

Management of a School of Library and Information Studies

No abstract available for this article.     

从预设角度看“给他水喝”类短语的语义特点

运用逻辑语义学中的预设理论,分析给予性动词在三个连续的时间段上分别生成的预设,探寻＂给他水喝＂这类短语的语义特点及其成因。     

图像语义检索中的反馈噪声及其抑制算法研究

在阐释图像语义检索中相关反馈的反馈噪声的基础上，分析反馈噪声对语义网络方法的不利影响；提出一种对反馈噪声具有鲁棒性的算法——基于投票思想的相关反馈，并对其性能进行分析；最后指出需进一步研究的问题。     

基于潜在语义索引的特征选择与权重改进若干关键问题的研究与实现

分析潜在语义索引的基本原理及其特点。针对LSI的3个因素，从特征词的选取，维数约简，特征词权重3个方面进行约定和改进。并以计算机类的科技文献作为测试文档，对改进的权重算法和改进前后LSI系统的检索结果进行分析。结果显示，特征词的选择结果及检索效果都得到较大的提高，性能稳定。     

Exploiting Hierarchy in Text Categorization

With the recent dramatic increase in electronic access to documents, text categorization—the task of assigning topics to a given document—has moved to the center of the information sciences and knowledge management. This article uses the structure that is present in the semantic space of topics in order to improve performance in text categorization: according to their meaning, topics can be grouped together into meta-topics, e.g., gold, silver, and copper are all metals. The proposed architecture matches the hierarchical structure of the topic space, as opposed to a flat model that ignores the structure. It accommodates both single and multiple topic assignments for each document. Its probabilistic interpretation allows its predictions to be combined in a principled way with information from other sources. The first level of the architecture predicts the probabilities of the meta-topic groups. This allows the individual models for each topic on the second level to focus on finer discriminations within the group. Evaluating the performance of a two-level implementation on the Reuters-22173 testbed of newswire articles shows the most significant improvement for rare classes.     

数字化文献和语义网络的本体论意义

文章讨论数字化文献的组织形式和语义网的本体论意义。在文献组织中讨论了元数据和对象的关系以及对象的本体认识，语义网讨论了实用分类系统以及语义网的智慧发展趋势，并以此为基础阐述了世界、数字对象以及语义网络三者之间的关系。