语义预设的界定与鉴别

预设和蕴涵的鉴别是预设的语义分析重点研究的内容.现有的研究过分强调预设的真值定义和否定测试法会导致对语义预设的片面理解.因此,有必要对语义预设的界定和已有的鉴别方法进行分析,并根据预设是语义和语用的接口的语言事实,结合语用来弥补预设语义分析的缺陷,以便更准确地鉴别语义预设.     

Learning crafts as practices of masculinity. Finnish male trainee teachers' reflections and experiences

Craft education in Finland has long gendered traditions that effect the present situation. The aim of this paper is to analyse the processes of learning the interlinking of crafts and gender. The analysis concentrates on male trainee teachers' experiences of craft education in comprehensive schools in Finland. Data were collected through memory work and autobiographical writing. The analysis revealed how the boys had linked the term ‘technical crafts’ with masculinity, (1) as part of their upbringing at home surrounded by the gender order of their childhood families; (2) following the school model that technical crafts are a masculine sphere for boys; and (3) the importance and pressures of the boys' peer culture. Through learning crafts, the boys were learning the masculinities of their local ‘communities of practices’. The prospective teachers' reflections revealed the importance of studying gender issues in teacher education.     

从迫选再认测验看记忆编码过程的加工机制

人类记忆具有复杂的认知功能,可表现为多种类型,如内隐记忆、外显记忆等,不同的记忆类型在编码过程中是否就存在着差异?本文通过两阶段的迫选再认,分别以词和面孔为刺激,在单一测验中区分出记住、启动、忘记和虚报四种不同的记忆类型,然后比较不同类型的记忆项目在编码过程中的加工差异,结果发现记住和启动项目在学习阶段所获得的加工资源要多于忘记项目,而虚报项目所得到的加工资源最少,表明不论是外显还是内隐记忆,在编码阶段都需要获得一定的加工资源,否则就会从记忆痕迹中消失,甚至产生错误记忆。     

论音乐学习中能力的塑造与拓展

学习音乐的目的不仅是掌握音乐知识、音乐技能,重要的是提高学生学习的能力与综合素质,并以此能力积极地向文化学业及其它领域拓展。使音乐的学习对文化课程,对生活、工作产生积极影响。在学习音乐中注重肢体的平衡、控制性训练,以促进左右脑平衡与大脑统合功能发展;积极运用影像记忆方法的训练,锻炼学生的记忆能力与理性音乐思维;培养学生创造性学习音乐;注重发展学生人文素质。     

同伴反馈模式与大学英语写作句式多样性的相关性研究

本文以Krashen的输入假说和Swain的输出假说为理论基础,在大学英语写作教学过程中建立"同伴反馈模式"。通过实证研究,对比传统教学模式和同伴反馈模式与写作句式多样性之间的相关性,最终得出结论,后者更有利于学习者吸收和理解各种句式并将其应用到写作当中。     

论韩国语使动态句型教学

使动态句型是韩国语语法体系中最为复杂的内容之一。为了让高校韩国语专业学生更好地掌握使动态句型,在教学方法上应该先从系统句型知识的讲解入手,明确能动态句型、使动态句型、被动态句型在韩国语里各自的特征,然后再对使动态句型做出内部分析;接下来把使动句和主动句的"主语+自动词"、"主语+宾语+他动词"、"主语+形容词"三种基本句型分别对比讲解,重点落在助词、主语、宾语置换的问题上,最后再让学生熟记使动态词。     

关于日语被动语态的汉译研究

在日语中频繁的使用被动语态,而与此相对,我们在汉语表达的时候较少使用被动语态,而尽可能地使用主动句,使句子的表达通顺流畅。以日本作家夏目漱石的作品《哥儿》、《心》,村上春树的作品《挪威的森林》以及其汉语翻译版本为研究对象,针对日语的被动语态的汉语翻译进行研究分类,其最终目的是帮助中国日语学习者正确地翻译并且正确地使用日语的被动语态,以及翻译日语的被动语态时应该注意的问题,总结其汉译的规则。     

Testing collective memory: Representing the Soviet Union on multiple-choice questions

This article tests the assumption that state-mandated multiple-choice history exams are a cultural tool for disseminating an ‘official’ collective memory. Findings from a qualitative study of a collection of multiple-choice questions that relate to the history of the Soviet Union are presented. The 263 questions all come from New York State Regents exams that were administered between 1980–2010. Test questions were organized by decade, analysed for content, and then synthesized into historical narratives. These narratives were then analysed to see the extent to which they changed as the Soviet Union decayed, collapsed, and then broke up into new nation states. Particular attention was paid to the period that begins with the Cold War and ends with the present situation in post-Soviet Russia. The analysis shows that, despite great upheavals in the history of the Soviet Union, and changes in New York State standards and testing policies, the narrative that exists on these exam questions largely remains the same. This suggests that official narratives are slow to change. Further research should look at the extent to which test-taker knowledge and acceptance of official narratives affect performance on multiple-choice history items.     

Note-Taking and Memory in Different Media Environments

Through this study the authors investigated undergraduate students’ memory recall in three media environments with three note-taking options, following an A x B design with nine experiments. The three environments included no-distraction, auditory-distraction, and auditory–visual-distraction; while the three note-taking options included no-note-taking, taking-notes-on-paper, and taking-notes-on-computer. The results of word recalls from 21 participants showed significant interactions between media environments and note-taking options. In the no-distraction environment, the participants had better word recall taking notes on paper than taking notes on computer or not taking notes. However, in the auditory–visual-distraction environment, the participants had better word recall with no note taking than taking notes on computer or taking notes on paper. The participants’ comments provided insights for implications for learning in different media environments.