The differential effects of prior knowledge on learning: A study of two consecutive courses in earth sciences

We studied the occurrence and nature of learningin a university first year Introduction toGeomorphology course, and its relations with priorknowledge taught in a prerequisite course, and withthe prior knowledge in the to be learned subjects. Tendimensions of knowledge were tapped before and afterthe course by conventional and cognitive structuremeasures that were derived by the concept mappingmethodology. The fine-grain analysis of learningoutcomes yielded the following results: (a) studentsacquired only a small portion of the content in thecourse Introduction to Geomorphology, (b) the priorgeological and geomorphological knowledge did notaffect the learning of the new geomorphologicalcontents, (c) the minor effects appeared within ratherthan across knowledge dimensions, and they affectedmainly the learning of smaller knowledge units, and(d) concept definition cannot be considereda valid probe of knowledge. The differential effects of prior knowledge question thecentral, global and undifferentiated role that schematheories ascribe to prior knowledge in futurelearning. They call for greater reference to theexposed dimensions of knowledge by suggestingadditional factors to be considered in the sequencingof courses, as well as to the acquisition of complexknowledge with partial meaning of the basic knowledgeunits, and the use of new cognitive structure probesof knowledge.     

近十年来教育研究的热点领域和前沿主题——基于八种教育学期刊2000-2009年刊载文献关键词共现知识图谱的计量分析

运用文献计量可视化软件CiteSpace绘制八种CSSCI来源教育学期刊2000-2009年刊载文献关键词的知识图谱,探测中国教育研究热点领域可以看到,在教育发展阶段为基础教育(义务教育)和高等教育;在学校、社会和家庭三个传统教育阵地为学校教育;在教育活动层面为教育改革、教育发展、教学研究、教学改革、课程改革、课堂教学、教学方法、教学模式;在教育理念层面为素质教育、创新教育和教育思想;在教育元研究层面为教育学学科建设和教育理论;教师教育和道德教育也是热点领域。在中国教育研究的前沿主题中,趋弱型前沿主要为创新教育、素质教育、教育观念、师范教育;渐增型前沿主要为教育质量、教育公平、教师发展、教师专业发展。     

新兴网络流行语“被XX”的构式研究

在认知语言学的基础上,运用构式语法理论分析了近期网络上大量使用的流行语＂被XX＂的结构特点。通过转喻映射理论剖析了＂被XX＂结构的扩展机制及构式意义。     

Using a concept mapping strategy to improve the motivation of EFL students in Google Hangouts Peer-Tutoring Sessions with native speakers

This study examines four elements of learner motivation, attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction, in an EFL speaking course that uses the computer mediated communication (CMC) tool Google Hangouts. The study found that a preparatory concept mapping task before the CMC sessions improved students’ perceived attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. However, follow-up reflective worksheets had no effect on perceived attention, relevance, confidence, or satisfaction. Instructors should use concept mapping in a pre-task to support learners engaged in CMC-based speaking activities with native and non-native speakers. When the students used concept mapping to prepare for the CMC-based speaking activities, they exhibited higher confidence in their oral practice activities with a native speaker.     

Toward a taxonomy of entrepreneurship education research literature: A bibliometric mapping and visualization

The retrospective amount of research literature dedicated to entrepreneurship education (EE) is overwhelming, which makes producing an overview difficult. However, advanced bibliometric mapping and clustering techniques can help visualize and structure complex research literature. Thus, the objective of this mapping study is to systematically explore and cluster the EE research literature to deliver a taxonomic scheme that can serve as a basis for future research. The analyzed data, which were drawn from the Web of Science and Scopus, consist of 1773 peer-reviewed documents published between 1975 and 2014. On the one hand, this taxonomy should create stronger ties to educational research; on the other, it can foster international research collaboration to boost both interdisciplinary EE and its impact on a global basis. This work reinforces our understanding of current EE research by identifying and distilling the most powerful intellectual relationships among its contributions and contributors. Consequently, this study addresses not only the academic community but also entrepreneurship educators and policymakers in an effort to boost entrepreneurial spirit, design effective policy instruments, and, ultimately, improve societal welfare.     

翻译中的连贯及其语用分析

语篇连贯性是语篇组织的基本特征,是语际翻译的本质属性.结合理论与实践,从语用学角度探讨翻译中的语篇连贯性的认知与映现有一定现实意义.     

基于GIS的模糊综合评判方法在滑坡灾害敏感性填图中的应用

文章将模糊综合评判方法应用于莆田市的滑坡敏感性填图工作,并进行验证。利用莆田市滑坡现状图,得出导致滑坡灾害发生的5个影响因子,采用这些影响因子和识别出的滑坡,计算各个滑坡灾害影响因子的模糊隶属度;之后,应用各影响因子的模糊隶属度,得出各个单元的模糊隶属度,并以此来绘制滑坡敏感图,将研究区划分为高度敏感区、较高敏感区、一般敏感区、不敏感区;最后,将成果图与现有的滑坡进行比较,来计算预测精度。结果表明：当gamma算子λ=0.750时,精度最高,并且填图结果与实际情况较为吻合;而当gamma算子λ=0.975和λ=0.025时,吻合情况相对较差。     

让思维导图成为初中语文自主学习的拐杖

初中语文自主学习是学生在教师指导下,以语言文字为载体,在自我认知、体会、分析、思考、解疑等语文实践中形成语言思维能力的语文学习方式与过程。思维导图是一种用图画进行思考的新的思维模式,它是把语言中的隐性思维通过导图的形式进行显性化处理,它能快速理清思路、启发联想力和概括力;在对语言文字进行图像化处理的过程中,思维导图可以促进手脑并动,激发兴趣,从而实现有效的思维训练,有利于达成自主学习的目的。     

Banach空间中序压缩映射方程组的不动点定理

在Banach空间中引入了几种按序压缩的压缩型映射,用半序的方法讨论了一类非线性映射方程组的不动点的存在性,并推广了相应定理.     

近十年国际特殊教育信息化研究的热点与知识基础——基于Web of Science期刊文献的可视化分析

特殊教育信息化作为信息技术与特殊教育相融合的产物,现已成为特殊教育发展中的重要一环.本文借助CiteSpace软件,以WoS核心数据库为基础,对2009-2018年国际特殊教育信息化研究中的441篇文献进行可视化分析.研究发现:国际特殊教育信息化研究数量总体呈递增趋势,美国在这一研究领域中居于主导地位;研究热点包括信息...