皖西学院学生读者工具书阅览状况统计分析

通过对皖西学院学生读者工具书阅览状况的统计分析可以发现,工具书的读者比较少,但利用率比较高,不同种类工具书的利用率有所差别,学生的非专业性阅览多于专业性阅览,其阅读类型也各有不同.统计数据还反映出图书馆工作和学生学习生活中存在的问题.     

参考文献在科技论文中的作用和著录中存在的问题

参考文献是科技论文的一部分,是作者对自已研究内容的支持和佐证,它具有继承、论证和说明等诸多作用.通过找出当前著录中存在的问题,提醒科研人员重视文后参考文献著录,达到提升科技论文水平的目的.     

当代大学生的性现状研究

面对当前大学生呈现的各种性问题,可从生理、心理和社会等多个角度进行研究,从中揭示性的伦理学意义。对于发生在大学生身上的性问题,我们的态度应该是教育和引导,而不是逃避和漠视。     

Promoting schoolchildren’s self-esteem in physical education: testing the effectiveness of a five-month teacher training

ABSTRACT

Background: Schoolchildren’s personality development is considered a central goal of physical education (PE). With regard to the relationship between psychological well-being and global self-esteem over the life course, the promotion of positive self-esteem is an issue of particular significance. Past research revealed that PE taught with an individualized teacher frame of reference (iTFR) and a reflexive teaching style is associated with positive effects on facets of children’s perceived sports competence. However, it remains an open question whether this teaching styles has the potential to promote positive self-esteem.

Purpose: The present study investigated whether a five-month teacher training, aimed to enhance the teachers’ iTFR and their reflexive teaching style in PE, has a positive effect on students’ perceived sports competence and their global self-esteem. To analyse the implementation quality, changes in students’ perceived iTFR and perceived reflexive teaching style were investigated.

Method: A total of 21 teachers were assigned to either an intervention group (n?=?13), receiving the five-month teacher training, or a control group (n?=?8) consisting of regular teaching without teacher training. The teacher training encompassed five three-hour consecutive sessions during which the teachers acquired theoretical and practical knowledge about the promotion of competence perceptions in PE with a reflexive teaching style and an iTFR. Between the sessions, the teachers were instructed to implement an iTFR and a reflexive teaching style into their own PE classes. To evaluate the effects of the teacher training, their students’ (N?=?315, 53.7% girls, M_age?=?13.2 y, SD_age?=?1.3 y) perceived teaching style (iTFR and reflexive teaching), perceived sports competence and global self-esteem were measured with paper-pencil questionnaires at three measurement points (pre, post and follow-up).

Findings: Linear mixed effect models showed that students of the intervention group reported an increase in their teachers’ reflexive teaching style, but there were no changes with regard to iTFR. With regard to students’ perceived sports competence and global self-esteem, there were significant interaction effects between time and group over a period of eight months (from pre-test to follow-up), indicating positive effects on these self-concept dimensions due to the teacher training.

Conclusion: The present study indicates that a long-term teacher training supports PE teachers to implement teaching styles with the aim to promote students’ self-concept. Furthermore, the findings lead to the assumption that a more pronounced iTFR in combination with an enhanced reflexive teaching style has the potential to positively influence schoolchildren’s perceived sports competence and global self-esteem.     

论图书馆数字信息咨询馆员素质和能力

数字信息咨询服务是网络环境下出现的一种不同传统的信息咨询服务，网络环境下的图书馆是一个开放的知识信息资源与服务体系，在这种环境下分析图书馆数字信息咨询馆员素质和能力的重要性。具有高素质和活力信息的咨询馆员，为图书馆实现数字资源可持续发展提供良好的人力资源保证。     

山西省高校新聘专任教师队伍结构探析

近五年,山西省高校新聘专任教师队伍与以前相比,在性别比例、学历层次、学科比例等方面发生了一些新变化。本文以山西省高校教师岗前培训所获取的第一手统计数据为依据,着重对这些变化及其背后的动因进行阐述和探讨,并结合山西经济社会发展实际,提出了一些建设性的解决方案。     

从社会调查看民国时期华北地区的人口状况

从李景汉和当时其他学者的调查入手,考察华北地区人口的性别比例和增长类型,从而引出对人地关系的探讨,并且以后者为重点。同时,从人地关系的分析中,还可以得知农民并非是一个愚昧、落后的群体,他们对农业生产、日常生活的安排都是有一定合理性的,在他们的生活中潜藏着一种朴素的智慧。     

关于大陆与澳门非法婚之比较

大陆与澳门在婚姻制度上的差异性,乃由于长期历史原因所致。我们对两法域在违法婚姻法律规定方面进行分析比较,旨在互相借鉴。因为不久的将来,大陆将出台更加完善的《家庭婚姻法》,而澳门回归祖国怀抱后,亦应尽力协调与内地法律之间的种种关系,解决不同法域间产生的各种冲突     

Coeducational and single-sex physical education: students’ situational interest in learning tasks centred on technical skills

Background: A student’s choice to engage in a learning task is highly related to the student’s environmental stimuli and his or her perception of interest. From this perspective, the construct of situational interest (SI) has been used to interpret students’ motivation in task engagement. SI is assumed to be transitory, environmentally activated, and context specific. It has been conceptualized as a multidimensional construct with five dimensions: instant enjoyment, exploration intention, attention demand, novelty, and challenge. Few prior studies have compared SI between girls and boys in physical education (PE) contexts, and these studies have offered contrasting findings. They were conducted in coeducational (coed) or single-sex contexts and used learning tasks centred on a variety of outcomes: technical or tactical skills, creativity and cultural understanding.

Purpose: In the context of the debate on single-sex and coed classes in PE, this study aimed to estimate the effects of single-sex and coed PE classes on students’ situational interest (SI) within learning tasks centred on technical skills. The researchers decided to study learning tasks centred on the development of students’ technical skills, since these tasks are often used by teachers in PE.

Participants: The sample consisted of 177 Swiss secondary school students, aged 11–17 years (M?=?14.07, SD?=?1.41, 96 boys, 81 girls).

Data collection: The students completed the French 15-item SI Scale after practising a technical learning task in single-sex and coed PE contexts. The researchers chose five physical activities (i.e. athletics, basketball, dance, gymnastics, and volleyball), which are commonly taught in the state of Vaud (Switzerland) and provide a balance between masculine and feminine activities.

Data analysis: A two-way repeated-measures MANOVA was performed to examine the main and interaction effects of student sex and class sex composition on the five SI dimensions.

Findings: The results showed a main effect of class sex composition on student SI but no main effect of student sex and no interaction effect of student sex and class sex composition. More precisely, the scores for three SI dimensions (i.e. instant enjoyment, exploration intention, and attention demand) were higher in the coed context than in the single-sex context.

Conclusions: This study encourages teachers to propose coed PE classes to enhance students’ motivation and engagement when practising learning tasks centred on technical skills. This study offers supplementary evidence of the teacher’s role in promoting student SI. Beyond accounting for students’ dispositional factors (e.g. sex), PE teachers can significantly impact students’ SI in technical learning tasks through instructional choices.     

Changes in kinematics and arm–leg coordination during a 100-m breaststroke swim

The purpose of this study was to compare arm–leg coordination and kinematics during 100 m breaststroke in 26 (8 female; 18 male) specialist breaststroke swimmers. Laps were recorded using three 50-Hz underwater cameras. Heart rate and blood lactate were measured pre- and post-swim. Arm–leg coordination was defined using coordination phases describing continuity between recovery and propulsive phases of upper and lower limbs: coordination phase 1 (time between end of leg kick and start of the arm pull phases); and coordination phase 2 (time between end of arm pull and start of leg kick phases). Duration of stroke phases, coordination phases, swim velocity, stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR) and stroke index (SI) were analysed during the last three strokes of each lap that were unaffected by turning or finishing. Significant changes in velocity, SI and SL (P < 0.05) were found between laps. Both sexes showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in heart rate and blood lactate pre- to post-swim. Males had significantly (P < 0.01) faster swim velocities resulting from longer SLs (P = 0.016) with no difference in SR (P = 0.064). Sex differences in kinematic parameters can be explained by anthropometric differences providing males with increased propelling efficiency.