公务员腐败决策过程及其对反腐败制度的启示

取最能反映公务员这一群体偏好选择一般特征的权力、虔诚、财富、感官享受、友谊等变量,建立公务员效用模型．模型分析显示：a．反腐败控制力度存在一个均衡点;b．公务员面对一笔潜在贿金可能产生效用幻觉。因而反腐败的重点在预防和监督,惩处力度应当适度;加强公务员意识形态教育,提高其对组织、事业的忠诚系统以及对自己声誉、地位等变量的评价比重;加强在职培训,全面提高公务员的行政水平和个人素养;根据激励相容原则设计内外结合的考核机制,规范公务员的录用、任用和擢升制度,以期将腐败的潜在可能性和社会福利损失减小到最低限度。     

家庭暴力的概念研究

家庭暴力已成为社会广泛关注的现象。本文针对新《婚姻法》关于家庭暴力的司法解释,对家庭暴力的界定及构成要件进行了讨论,并究其理论原因谈防治措施,以供商讨。     

Online sexual solicitation by adults and peers – Results from a population based German sample

Prevalence of Internet use among adolescents is high, but little is known about the online sexual activities of German adolescents. This study aimed to describe the 12-month prevalence of German adolescents’ online sexual experiences with a focus on Online Sexual Solicitation (OSS, subjectively negative online sexual experiences with a peer or any sexual online experience, positive or negative, with an adult). A sample of male and female adolescents aged 14–17 (N = 2238) was recruited using online survey panel. The sample was representative for gender and education. Subjects completed an online survey reporting their online sexual activities (i.e., sexual conversation, exchanging pictures, and cybersex) with peers (14–17 y.) and/or adults (≥18 y.). Findings illustrated that 51.3% (n = 1148) of adolescents had experienced online sexual activity, which mostly involved peers (n = 969; 84.4%). In contrast, 23.2% (n = 519) of the adolescents experienced OSS with 2.6% (n = 57) reporting subjectively negative online sexual interactions with peers and 22.2% (n = 490) reporting online sexual interactions with adults, of which 10.4% (n = 51) were perceived as negative. The findings suggest that adolescents frequently engage in sexual interactions on the Internet with only a relatively small number perceiving such contacts as exploitative. In addition, females and adolescents with incomplete family situation, foreign nationality, higher education, homo- or bisexual orientation, and those without perceived social support reported OSS significantly more often.     

宋代条约考

条约作为一种法律形式,最早可以追溯到唐代中后期,到了两宋,其使用已经非常广泛,涉及内诸如地方行政、科举、赋税征收及边疆事务管理等方面,并且已经形成严格的制定程序,包括提请、看详、审批三个步骤,在这其中,君主起着决定作用.     

Beyond the Sex Binary: Toward the Inclusive Anatomical Sciences Education

Developments in biology and genetics in recent decades have caused significant shifts in the understanding and conceptualization of human biological variation. Humans vary biologically in different ways, including individually, due to age, ancestry, and sex. An understanding of the complexities of all levels of biological variation is necessary for efficient health care delivery. Important steps in teaching medical students about human variation could be carried out in anatomy classes, and thus, it is important that anatomical education absorbs new developments in how biological variation is comprehended. Since the early 1990s biological sex in humans has been vigorously investigated by scientists, social scientists, and interest groups. Consequently, the binary division in male and female sex has been called into question and a more fluid understanding of sex has been proposed. Some of the major textbooks teach anatomy, particularly of the urogenital system, as a male-female binary. Anatomical sciences curricula need to adopt a more current approach to sex including the introduction of the category of “intersex”/“differences in sexual development” and present sex as a continuum rather than two sharply divided sets of characteristics. This approach offers a better understanding of the complexity of sex differences and, at the same time, provides students with an improved theoretical framework for understanding human variation in general, transcending the limitations of biological typology. When well delivered, the non-binary approach could play a significant contribution to the formation of competent and responsible medical practitioners and avoidance of problematic practices such as non-consensual “normalizing” surgeries.     

协商民主视阈下公共决策“公共性”的实现——基于转型期我国邻避冲突的考察

近年来,伴随中国经济社会的持续发展,邻避冲突呈频发态势。转型期中国邻避冲突的大量发生,固然与邻避设施的负外部性密切相关,但很多时候其根源还在于政府在项目决策过程中偏离了"公共性"的价值取向,忽视甚至无视公众的知情权和参与权,暗箱操作。协商民主理论主张通过对话达成共识,作出决策,这为邻避冲突的治理提供了新的思路。让公众真正涉入攸关自身利益的邻避决策中去,通过多元主体充分讨论、协商、对话,在公民参与、风险沟通、利益兼顾、理性互动等方面建构具有内在稳定性的机制,这是保证邻避决策"公共性"得以实现的重要前提。     

Sexually inappropriate or abusive behaviour among pupils in special schools

In this article, Rachel Fyson of the Centre for Social Work in the School of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Nottingham reports the findings of a study into sexually inappropriate or abusive behaviour occurring between pupils in special schools in four local authorities in England. The behaviours identified ranged from relatively minor misconduct, such as exposure of genitals and use of sexualised language, through to serious acts of sexual abuse, including rape. Although the majority (88%) of special schools had noted sexualised behaviours of some kind on a regular basis, only a minority (19%) had specific policies in place to guide staff responses to such incidents. It was apparent that responses to sexual behaviour, and policy decisions about whether or when to refer to outside agencies, varied widely both within and between schools. The implications of these findings for the well-being of all pupils are discussed.     

责任游离、道德缺失中的性偏离行为——来自男性大学生群体的实证研究

高校935位男大学生的调查证实:性基本健康.但少数男生在性行为中表现出责任游离、道德缺失现象.相对于女生而言,加强男生的性健康教育意义更加重大.     

当前中国社会改革与素质教育推进的决策演进评析

本文以1997年以来决策层有关文献为主要依据,对素质教育推进的决策演进做了梳理和辨析。文章提出有关素质教育推进至今的三个结论性判断:素质教育的基本涵义未发生根本变化;素质教育在教育改革中的重要性不断提升;素质教育的推进范围和实施重心在决策演化过程中呈游移状态。