Comprehensive sexuality education,culture and gender: the effect of the cultural setting on a sexuality education programme in Ethiopia

Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is recognised as an effective method of sexual health education, with the school identified as a fitting site of implementation. Its holistic and participatory nature endeavours to develop the knowledge, attitudes and life-skills of students to help them secure their sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). This qualitative study aimed to better understand aspects of CSE implementation in one context. Specifically, it focuses on the effects of the cultural setting, considering how gender and sexuality norms influence teacher and student implementation strategies. The research was carried out in one secondary school in Ethiopia, which delivered a Dutch-developed programme throughout 2013. Over 50 in-depth interviews were conducted with teachers and students, influential community members and experts in SRHR. Data were also gathered through focus group discussions and classroom observations. Results show that CSE teachers and students, both male and female, were able to discuss issues of sexuality. However, the cultural context was seen to affect interpretation of programme information, influencing the nature of this discussion. For an impactful implementation, it is recommended that sexuality education aims to engage with and involve the wider community, to reduce contradictory messages and increase programme support. Furthermore, teachers should undergo extensive and comprehensive pre-programme training that addresses their attitudes and values, not just their knowledge.     

Preparing teachers to deliver gender-focused sexuality/HIV education: a case study from Nigeria

Evidence shows that a focus on gender and power in sexuality/HIV education increases the likelihood of achieving positive sexual health outcomes, and international agencies have called for a shift to a gender-focused approach. However, questions remain about the implementation of such programmes, including how best to prepare teachers to deliver such curricula. In the development of the national school-based HIV prevention curriculum in Nigeria, several state governments partnered with feminist (or like-minded) non-governmental organisations to collaborate on teacher training. This case study, drawing on teacher interviews and classroom observations, explores the effects of that experience. Teachers reported that the 10-day training developed their competence, confidence, and commitment to foster students' critical thinking about gender issues. Specifically, they reported changes in their own gender attitudes, pedagogic skills and connectedness with students, particularly girls. The findings suggest that high-quality training can prepare teachers – including those in large, resource-poor school systems – to deliver the kind of gender-focused sexuality/HIV education that is proving most effective at advancing sexual health outcomes. Non-governmental organisations can be important partners for providing such training. Further research is needed to assess what additional social and educational outcomes may result from gender-focused sexuality/HIV education.     

POMDPs算法复杂度对比分析研究

部分可观察马尔可夫决策过程（ Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes, POMDPs ）是动态不确定环境下序贯决策的理想模型,但是现有算法都陷入“维数灾”和“历史灾”问题,造成理想的POMDPs模型无法在实际工程中得到应用．本文首先详细分析了POMDPs精确算法的复杂度,阐述问题求解的难点;然后比较分析现有基于点的离线算法和在线算法两类算法的算法思想和时间复杂度,指出两类算法的优缺点;最后简介POMDPs实际应用情况和未来的研究方向．     

论聚焦解决模式对组织发展的积极影响

文章从聚焦解决模式角度分析组织发展,用积极心理学的思想为组织发展与改革提供新思路,使组织发展技术具有可操作性、针对性、有效性,并运用参与式决策的方法,根据组织发展的原理和目标设计出有效的实施策略。     

毛泽东奠定了援疆工作的基础

新中国成立初期,为改变地区经济发展不平衡的状态,及考虑战争危险等因素,以毛泽东为主席的中共中央实施了区域经济平衡发展战略。1949年10月一1978年期间,第一代中央领导集体对新疆工作作出了一系列重大决策,指出新疆的优势是资源,开发必须首先解决水利和交通问题,发展需要国家支援和兄弟省区帮助,积极推进对外开放,争取苏联的帮助,大力植树造林,改造沙漠戈壁i借鉴历史上屯垦戍边的经验教训,组建新疆军区生产建设兵团;提出发展和稳定是当代新疆两大问题的论断。中央坚持从人力、财力、物力等多方面支援新疆建设,进疆人民解放军、三区民族军、陶峙岳起义部队成为支援新疆建设的开拓者,几百万建设大军进新疆,支援新疆的生产建设。中央对新疆的支援涉及到多方面,其中,重点是帮助解决新疆和平解放后的财政经济困难,顺利完成了国民经济恢复任务,培养了新疆自身发展的能力;通过开发克拉玛依油田,探索了全国支援克拉玛依油田开发建设,克拉玛依油田支援国家建设的良性循环援建体制。国家动用多方面的力量,千方百计抢救维吾尔木卡姆艺术文化遗产,开创了文化援疆的先河。     

图书馆政府决策信息采集分析

政府决策信息采集具有全面性、针对性、时效性等要求。文章对政府决策信息的三种信息源,即新闻媒体信息源、网络信息源及数据库信息源的特点及其检索策略进行分析,指出图书馆政府信息采集将向网络化、合作化、专题化、制度化方向发展的趋势。     

‘You get in a hole,it’s like quicksand’: a grounded theory analysis of social support amid materially bounded decision-making processes*

Financial precarity is a reality for a significant portion of the U.S. population. The inability of people to live sustainably has wide-ranging ramifications for individuals, families, communities, and larger society. The lived experiences of those in low-income financial precarity is perpetually threatened and constrained from a material standpoint. In this grounded theory research, we analyzed the perceived manifestation of social support during financially precarious decision-making. This study contributes the notion of materially bounded decision-making as a theoretical concept that foregrounds the role of materiality in decision-making processes. The analysis revealed uncertainty, urgency, complexity, and risk as the underlying context for materially bounded decision-making. Depending on the strength or weakness of participants’ social support systems, the trajectory of decision-making processes changes, leading to two dominant decision-making pathways. Results indicated that at times communicative social support intervention provided a sense of temporary stability.     

论政府决策机制创新视阈下的腐败治理

健全完善的政府决策机制是政府正确科学决策的重要制度保障。创新政府决策机制,建立健全新型的政府决策机制,是新形势下腐败治理的客观需要。在政府决策机制创新的前提下,坚持公平正义、民主科学、依法决策可以有效规避腐败风险,遏制腐败的发生和蔓延。关注和探讨政府决策机制创新视阈下的腐败治理问题,对于拓宽腐败治理视域,创新腐败治理方法,塑造全心全意为人民服务的人民公仆形象,以及建立人民群众信得过的满意政府均具有重要意义。     

军事竞争情报与战略决策——以日俄战争前俄国对日情报工作分析为例

文章应用美国军事情报相关分析理论,结合日俄战争前俄国对日情报工作的案例,对于军事竞争情报与战略决策之间的互动关系进行了分析和探讨。     

关于民主党派参与公共决策的思想方法透视

充分发挥民主党派在公共决策中的作用,最具关键性影响的是要端正思想方法。其一,要坚持矛盾同一性观点,充分肯定民主党派参政与共产党执政的内在联系;其二,要坚持矛盾特殊性观点,正确认识民主党派参与公共决策的特殊优势;其三,要坚持求真务实观点,科学定位民主党派参与公共决策的目标要求;其四,要坚持主观能动性的观点,努力提高民主党派参与公共决策的主体素质。