希望疗法：一种积极的心理疗法

Snyder的希望理论认为,希望由目标、路径思维和动力思维组成。希望疗法是在希望理论基础上发展起来的一种积极的心理疗法。它通过灌输希望,树立目标,加强路径思维和动力思维来提高来访者的希望水平,体现了积极心理疗法积极的、未来导向的、理性主义的特点。希望疗法的效果得到了一些研究的证实。文章从希望疗法的理论和实验基础、干预方法,干预效果等方面对希望疗法作了全面介绍。     

自主跑轮运动对小鼠空间学习记忆及Notch信号通路的影响

为了解自主跑轮运动对C57BL/6小鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马内Notch信号通路的影响,选用12只雄性5周龄C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为运动组(R组,n=6只)和对照组(C组,n=6只),运动组进行8周的自主跑轮运动,对照组安静饲养,第8周开始利用Morris水迷宫测试其学习记忆能力。运动结束后,断颈处死小鼠取双侧海马,用Western Blot检测小鼠大脑海马内NICD的蛋白表达水平,用RT-PCR检测小鼠大脑海马内的Jagged-1、Notch-1、PS-1、Hes-1的mRNA表达水平。结果显示：Morris水迷宫实验显示,运动组小鼠学习记忆能力明显强于对照组;Western Blot 测试,运动组小鼠海马内 NICD 表达显著上调,RT-PCR 测试,运动组小鼠海马内 Jagged-1 mRNA、Notch-1 mRNA、PS-1 mRNA和Hes-1 mRNA表达水平较对照组显著上调。结果说明,8周自主跑轮运动激活Notch信号通路,提高了海马空间学习记忆能力。     

从市场失灵的视角分析股利理论产生的不同预期

依据市场失灵的理论基础,对不同股利原理进行比较分析,认为股利信号理论和股利代理成本理论面对市场信息不对称水平和公司外源融资时产生了截然不同的结论,而对于资本结构的啄食理论而言,产生的预期相同。     

Communicative signaling of occupational fitness: How innovative ability is expressed and assessed

ABSTRACT

This study investigates how individuals working in the innovation field communicatively define the nature of their work and make assessments of others’ innovative ability. Drawing on signaling theory, this work explores what communicative signals are valued within an ambiguous professional context. Interviews with 36 innovation workers revealed that individuals perceive this emerging occupational role as comprised of skills and traits that vary in how easily they are communicatively expressed, and in turn what forms of communication allow these dimensions to be evaluated. These findings inform the development of a grounded model for communicatively assessing innovative ability. This work extends our theoretical understanding of how signals of professionalism are actively, and communicatively expressed and assessed in new occupational settings.     

FAT/CD36表达及转位在有氧运动改善老年小鼠骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性中的作用

目的:通过分析运动对老年小鼠骨骼肌脂肪酸转位酶(fatty acid translocase,FAT/CD36)向细胞膜和/或线粒体膜转位及其在脂筏中定位的影响,探讨FAT/CD36表达及转位机制在有氧运动改善老年小鼠骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性中的作用。方法:首先,利用siRNA干扰技术,在C2C12细胞中进行FAT/CD36基因敲低,探讨FAT/CD36基因缺乏对骨骼肌细胞胰岛素信号通路的影响。其次,将56周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为2组,老年对照组(aging control,AC;n=10)和老年运动组(aging exercise,AE;n=10)。有氧运动干预16周。RT-PCR法检测FAT/CD36及其他脂肪酸转运载体mRNA水平。Western blotting法检测FAT/CD36蛋白表达及胰岛素信号通路磷酸化水平。免疫荧光法分别检测FAT/CD36与小窝蛋白-1(Caveolin-1)及电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白(voltage-dependent anion channel,VDAC)的共定位程度。结果:FAT/CD36基因缺乏能够激活骨骼肌细胞AKT/ERK信号通路。与AC组相比,AE组FAT/CD36和CPT-1的mRNA水平明显降低(P<0.05),其他脂肪酸转运载体m RNA水平变化不显著(P>0.05)。与AC相比,AE组FAT/CD36蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.05),AKT/ERK磷酸化水平明显升高(P<0.05)。免疫荧光结果显示,运动诱导FAT/CD36向细胞膜转位,而非向线粒体膜转位。结论:FAT/CD36在调节骨骼肌胰岛素信号通路中具有重要作用,并且运动可能通过调节FAT/CD36的表达及转位预防衰老诱导的骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性下降。     

运动和细胞信号分子的交互作用及骨骼肌肥大调控机制

运动能促进身体组织和器官的有利改变,如运动调控骨骼肌的质量和力量变化。一方面,近期研究认为,细胞信号分子对骨骼肌卫星细胞的状态有决定性作用,如激活、增殖、分化、融合等促进骨骼肌重塑过程;另一方面,运动刺激骨骼肌中生长因子合成和分泌的变化,对骨骼肌细胞信号分子的传递与骨骼肌肥大密切相关。目前,国内外鲜有报道从运动和细胞信号分子交互作用探究运动促进骨骼肌肥大的机制。因此,研究试图对运动和多个细胞信号分子的交互作用进行综述,以期为人体复杂系统中骨骼肌肥大机制提供新的研究思路。     

股票市场上中小投资者的投资博弈分析

在阅读若干文献的基础上,采用不完全信息下的动态博弈理论,分析了中小投资者与股市之间的博弈过程,旨在阐述保护中小投资者利益的重要性。     

Evaluation of C4b as an adjunct marker in symptomatic RT-PCR negative Covid-19 cases

IntroductionDetecting low viral load has been a challenge in this pandemic, which has led to its escalated transmission. Complement activation has been implicated in pathogenesis of Covid-19 infection. Thus, evaluation of complement activation in suspected Covid-19 infection may help to detect infection and limit false negative cases thus limiting transmission of infection. We speculate that measuring C4b, produced from an activated complement system due to the presence of Covid-19 may help in its detection, even when the viral titers are low.MethodsPlasma C4b levels of symptomatic RT-PCR positive patients (cases, n = 40); symptomatic RT-PCR negative patients (n = 35) and asymptomatic RT-PCR negative controls (n = 40) were evaluated. Plasma C5b-9, IL-6, D-dimer and C1-Inhibitor (C1-INH) were also measured in cases and controls. ELISA kits were used for all measurements. Statistical analyses were carried out using Stata, version 12 (Stata Corp., Texas, USA).ResultsC4b levels were found to be significantly increased in RT-PCR positive patients as compared to asymptomatic RT-PCR negative controls. RT-PCR negative but symptomatic patients still showed increased C4b levels. The significantly higher levels of C4b in cases with a cut-off value of ≥ 116 ng/ml with optimum sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 52% respectively is indicative of its possible use as an adjunct marker. Increased levels of D-dimer, IL6, along with decreased levels of C1-INH were found in cases compared to controls. Whereas, C5b-9 levels were not significantly raised in cases.ConclusionsThe results of our study suggests that plasma C4b may help to detect infection in false negative cases of RT-PCR that escape detection owing to low viral load. However, to confirm it a large-scale study is needed.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01033-z.     

智慧城市能源系统迈向碳中和的典型路径研究——以澳门特别行政区为例

“二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和”这一国家战略目标，不仅体现了我国作为世界大国的担当，也符合我国经济产业结构转型的需要。城市在我国人口、能源消耗、碳排放中均占据主导地位，是我国实现碳达峰、碳中和的主战场。文章首先指出城市能源系统在推进国家“双碳”目标中的重要角色及其面临的重要挑战。然后，以澳门为例分析城市能源消费、碳排放的基本特征。最后，提出“推广需求侧管理为主、利用分布式清洁能源为辅、主动外购绿电为补充、发展智能化技术为支撑”的城市实现碳中和的技术路径，为推动我国城市碳中和进程提供参考依据。     

油气安全战略与“双碳”战略：关系与路径

百年变局叠加世纪疫情给全球能源安全敲响警钟,深刻理解能源转型发展与能源安全的关系,探寻中国能源安全与“双碳”战略同步实现路径成为重大战略问题。文章基于对中国能源发展图景和“双碳”战略内涵的分析,明确提出:(1)能源安全是能源转型发展的基础,中国油气短缺形势长期存在,“双碳”目标与油气安全战略并行不悖。(2)中国的油气安全需在两个层次谋篇布局,近中远全程做好部署——做稳做好传统油气勘探领域发展,宜坚持“海陆并举、常非并重,稳油增气”目标;积极开拓新油气资源领域,重点组织好陆相中低熟页岩油原位转化、富油煤热转化利用与煤炭地下气化等“三个革命”,为在传统油气领域“稳油增气”基础上实现规模上产做好准备。(3)“双碳”战略是一场广泛而深刻的系统革命,化石能源的退出必须以能源安全为前提,要把化石能源清洁化利用、可再生能源加大利用、柔性智能电网建设、储能基础设施建设与能源利用效率提升5件大事同步抓实抓好,在保证能源安全无虞基础上,依靠技术进步,通过多途径实现“碳中和”目标。