精益价值管理的基本原理与方法研究

本文分析了以项目研发为主要特征的科技型企业在实施精益方式面临的主要挑战,指出科技型企业应实现从精益生产向精益价值管理的转变。在比较各种价值理论发展过程的基础上,提出了项目全寿命期精益价值管理的概念,研究了其特点、构成要素及评价价值各要素的工具和方法。最后,指出了企业向精益价值转变的基本途径和方法。     

结构导向组织创新、技术创新与组织绩效的牵引效应

构建结构导向组织创新、技术创新与组织绩效的牵引效应模型,以结构导向组织创新为潜在自变量,以技术创新为潜在调解变量,以组织绩效为潜在因变量,对347家高技术制造企业进行问卷调研及深度访谈,应用结构方程模型(SEM)分析结构导向组织创新、技术创新与组织绩效的牵引效应.研究表明,结构导向组织创新对组织绩效没有显著的直接影响,但会直接拉动企业技术创新活动的开展和实施效果,并以技术创新为媒介对组织绩效产生显著的影响,由此证明结构导向组织创新、技术创新与组织绩效三者之间存在牵引效应.     

BP神经网络在千岛湖水体富营养化变化预测中的应用

将人工神经网络模型引入水质预测中,并据此建立了千岛湖水体富营养化预测的BP神经网络模型。该模型选取了Chla作为网络的输出变量,通过主因子分析,得到温度Tw、pH、Chla、SD、TN 5个水质因子作为网络的输入变量,构建了5个网络模型。本研究表明,以上周的Tw、pH、Chla、SD为输入变量,下周Chla为输出变量的网络方案能够对千岛湖的水质变化进行很好的短期预测,从而能够使管理部门根据此模型掌握千岛湖水质变化趋势,为其制定千岛湖水质管理方案提供理论依据。     

Dependency structure language model for topic detection and tracking

In this paper, we propose a new language model, namely, a dependency structure language model, for topic detection and tracking (TDT) to compensate for weakness of unigram and bigram language models. The dependency structure language model is based on the Chow expansion theory and the dependency parse tree generated by a linguistic parser. So, long-distance dependencies can be naturally captured by the dependency structure language model. We carried out extensive experiments to verify the proposed model on topic tracking and link detection in TDT. In both cases, the dependency structure language models perform better than strong baseline approaches.     

Parsimonious translation models for information retrieval

In the KL divergence framework, the extended language modeling approach has a critical problem of estimating a query model, which is the probabilistic model that encodes the user’s information need. For query expansion in initial retrieval, the translation model had been proposed to involve term co-occurrence statistics. However, the translation model was difficult to apply, because the term co-occurrence statistics must be constructed in the offline time. Especially in a large collection, constructing such a large matrix of term co-occurrences statistics prohibitively increases time and space complexity. In addition, reliable retrieval performance cannot be guaranteed because the translation model may comprise noisy non-topical terms in documents. To resolve these problems, this paper investigates an effective method to construct co-occurrence statistics and eliminate noisy terms by employing a parsimonious translation model. The parsimonious translation model is a compact version of a translation model that can reduce the number of terms containing non-zero probabilities by eliminating non-topical terms in documents. Through experimentation on seven different test collections, we show that the query model estimated from the parsimonious translation model significantly outperforms not only the baseline language modeling, but also the non-parsimonious models.     

An empirical study of query expansion and cluster-based retrieval in language modeling approach

The term mismatch problem in information retrieval is a critical problem, and several techniques have been developed, such as query expansion, cluster-based retrieval and dimensionality reduction to resolve this issue. Of these techniques, this paper performs an empirical study on query expansion and cluster-based retrieval. We examine the effect of using parsimony in query expansion and the effect of clustering algorithms in cluster-based retrieval. In addition, query expansion and cluster-based retrieval are compared, and their combinations are evaluated in terms of retrieval performance by performing experimentations on seven test collections of NTCIR and TREC.     

我国铁路系统生产效率的实证研究——基于DEA模型的两阶段分析

以数据包络分析法为理论工具,从生产效率的视角对我国铁路经营效率进行总体评价与定量分析,并在第二阶段通过Tobit模型对铁路生产无效率的影响因素予以识别。研究发现:(1)我国铁路总体上生产效率较低,纯技术无效率是主要根源;(2)东部是铁路最发达的地区,规模无效率和纯技术无效率分别是东部和中西部地区无效率的根源;(3)铁路普遍存在投入拥挤和产出不足的现象,中西部地区程度远高于东部地区;(4)经济发达程度、人口总数、铁路经营管理水平、铁路路网密度和公路路网密度是影响铁路生产无效率的主要因素。     

未确知测度模型在城市生态系统健康评价中的应用研究

采用生态系统健康理论,根据评价信息的不确定性,提出应用未确知测度模型来评价和辨析城市生态系统健康问题,并结合城市复合生态系统特征,建立包含经济一自然一社会三个亚系统的城市生态系统健康评价指标体系。以浙江省9个城市为例,评价它们生态系统健康水平,得出杭州、宁波、绍兴处于健康状态,其它城市则处于临界状态,分别指出它们的优势因素和制约因子所在,为浙江省生态城市建设提供科学的决策依据。     

应用两阶段二分式虚拟市场评价法消除环境价值货币评估的偏差

虚拟市场评价法（CVM）是目前环境经济价值货币评估中最为广泛应用的方法。经过几十年的发展，经济理论基础已日趋完善，但受可能发生的偏差的影响较大，其准确性受到一些学者的质疑。当前国际上最为推崇的两阶段二分式选择法可以最大限度地减少偏差。本文讨论了虚拟市场评价法以及两阶段二分式选择法的原理，推演了应用两阶段二分式选择法计算支付意愿金额（WTP）的数学模型，并应用京津风沙源治理工程环境价值评价案例，详细说明如何应用两阶段二分式虚拟市场评价模型设计调查问卷，并据此估算支付意愿金额。     

基于ISM-Fuzzy AHP的我国中小企业核心竞争力要素分析

本文首先基于已有研究及调研结果,采用主成分分析法选出7个核心竞争力要素,并以苏州、杭州中小企业为例,通过问卷调查获取数据,并运用ISM-Fuzzy AHP模型分析法对中小企业核心竞争力要素进行实证研究。分析表明,我国企业已日益重视对人力资源、技术创新、市场营销、组织管理能力等核心竞争力要素的培育,但对企业文化的塑造仍不够重视。