Inferring teacher epistemological framing from local patterns in teacher noticing

In this work we use research from science education on teacher framing and work from mathematics education on teacher noticing to develop new approaches to modeling teacher cognition. The framing literature proposes a dynamic cognitive model of teaching in which teacher epistemological framing, or moment‐to‐moment understanding of what is going on with respect to knowledge and learning in the classroom, drives much of teacher practice. The teacher noticing literature documents patterns and trends in teachers' attention during instruction. We suggest first that noticing patterns, particularly local noticing patterns, can be leveraged to make inferences about teacher framing that maintain sensitivity to its dynamics but are also more reliable than existing analytic approaches. Second, we suggest that understanding noticing as driven by framing requires researchers to anticipate, allow for, and capitalize on the fact that teachers are capable of multiple, internally consistent variations in noticing at any given time. To illustrate these claims we present an analysis of one high school biology teacher who implemented a new digital recording technology in her classroom. Using the data from that implementation we identify two distinct local patterns in the teacher's noticing and from those patterns infer two different epistemological frames, one that she adopts during lab work and another during class discussions. We also discuss implications of these multiple framings for the study and training of teacher noticing more broadly. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:284–314, 2013     

Evolution and development of folk knowledge: Implications for children's learning

Abstract

A central theoretical issue in evolutionary developmental psychology concerns the relation between evolved systems of folk knowledge and academic learning in modern schools. A model for conceptualizing motivational biases, cognitive competencies (e.g., language), and children's inherent developmental activities that compose these systems of folk knowledge is presented. Implications for children's learning of culture-specific academic competencies, such as reading, and associated motivational and instructional issues are then discussed. The thesis is that the motivational, cognitive, and developmental systems that compose folk knowledge are not sufficient for academic learning, but are the foundation from which academic competencies are built. Implications for educational theory and research are profound     

‘It's a different world out there’: improving how academics prepare health science students for rural and Indigenous practice in Australia

Rural and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) health content in undergraduate health science curricula in Western Australia has been limited. In 2008, a three-and-a-half-day, rurally-based, intercultural and inter-disciplinary programme for academics from three universities aimed to improve how academics prepared health science students for work in this area. Situated learning theory underpinned the programme's design, which prioritised context and participation in the construction of knowledge: academics lived ‘on country’ and participated in the lived experience of a rural and Indigenous community. Semi-structured phone interviews with 21 academics four months later indicated this approach had radically changed thinking and led to a desire to improve rural and Indigenous health and teaching practice. Targeting academics to learn about rural and Indigenous health in situ is one promising strategy for improving undergraduate health science education in this priority area.     

CAS Applied in a Functional Perspective College Algebra Curriculum

Summary

Act in Algebra(ACT) is a functional perspective curriculum for college algebra that focuses on the use of realistic applications to motivate the acquisition of mathematical concepts through active student explorations. A computer algebra system (CAS) is used as an open-ended tool in the exploration of mathematics and the modeling of data. The goal of ACT is to improve student cognition, metacognition, and affect with respect to college algebra. A series of studies was conducted from the spring of 1994 to the spring of 1999 to determine the effects of the CAS in a functional perspective curriculum. This article provides an overview of the findings of those studies and discusses the implications of these findings for the teaching and learning of algebra.     

Self‐reported cues about deceptive and truthful communication: The effects of cognitive capacity and communicator veracity

One hundred four students watched a videotape of six communicators (three liars and three truthtellers) and were asked to judge the veracity of the strangers’ communication. In addition to judging deception, students reported which cites guided their veridical judgments. To limit their available cognitive capacity one‐half of the participants were given an additional cognitive task to complete (counting backwards from a number by 7) while viewing the videotapes. Results indicated that lie detectors with limited cognitive capacity reported using more vocal cues and fewer verbal cues than lie detectors whose cognitive capacity was not manipulated. Lie detectors with limited capacity were more accurate at catching liars and reported fewer truthful judgments than lie detectors in the high capacity condition. Overall, lie detectors reported using primarily demeanor cues and visual cues to distinguish truths from lies. Results also indicated that lie detectors’ beliefs about deception differed as a function of the communicators’ veracity. Specifically, when judging truthful communicators, lie detectors reported using fewer vocal cues and demeanor cues while relying on a greater number of verbal and visual cues as compared to lie detectors judging deceptive communicators.     

More evidence that cognitive complexity is not loquacity: A reply to Beatty and Payne

Beatty and Payne (1984) recently presented data allegedly demonstrating that assessments of cognitive complexity based on Crockett's popular Role Category Questionnaire (RCQ) are severly confounded by “loquacity,” the simple amount of verbal response to stimuli. The present paper responds critically to the claims of Beatty and Payne, arguing that these researchers employed a flawed measure of loquacity and inappropriate data analytic procedures. In order to better clarify the influence of loquacity on sophisticated social‐cognitive and communicative functioning, two empirical studies are reported in which alternative measures of loquacity were employed. In neither of these studies was loquacity found significantly associated with social‐cognitive or communicative abilities.     

认知情感视角下青少年信息查询行为研究进展述评

[目的/意义]系统归纳和总结青少年信息查询行为中认知和情感因素的研究现状,指出研究存在的不足和未来发展方向,以期对进一步研究提供借鉴和参考。[方法/过程]通过主题检索和引文追溯收集相关研究文献,将检索到的文献从认知和情感两方面,归纳研究主题和现状。[结果/结论]当前研究主题主要涉及青少年信息查询中的认知表现,认知行为过程模型、认知风格、元认知、认知权威以及不同认知风格和情感类型对青少年查询行为、查询策略、查询结果质量的影响等。未来研究应立足多元复杂社会网络和技术使用情境,加强青少年信息查询过程中的认知情感干预调节和指导研究,从更细微动态的维度剖析认知情感特征和作用机制。     

用户认知导向的网络信息搜索模型研究述评

网络信息搜索行为与用户的日常生活息息相关,用户认知导向的网络信息搜索是认知观和社会认知理论在网络信息搜索中的应用,是与传统信息检索和用户导向信息检索不同的检索范式。在介绍认知交互模型、信息问题解决模型和使用搜索引擎的网络信息搜索行为模型等用户认知导向的信息搜索模型的基础上,进一步从用户因素、信息环境和社会情境方面分析网络信息搜索过程中的影响因素。     

论汉语动词的介词化因素

汉语动词到介词的语法化演变都是在连动式结构中发生的。动词的介词化是多方面因素共同作用的结果,其中主要有句法位置的改变、语境影响以及认知因素等。