Monitoring Classroom Behavior in Early Childhood: Using Group Observation Data to Make Decisions

Monitoring and evaluating classroom behavior in early childhood for the purpose of improving teaching and learning is critical. There is a clear link between social behavior and academic learning. Classrooms where students are following expectations, engaging academically, and transitioning effectively between activities are classrooms where students spend more time accessing instruction. In order to make efficient and effective decisions for class-wide supports, data should be collected on the class as a whole. With accurate data, interventions can be implemented for the whole group that will increase instructional time. In this paper we propose quick and efficient data collection methods for three key behaviors: following expectations, engaging academically, and transitioning amongst activities. With minimal disruption and effort, teachers can collect data that will enable them to support appropriate behaviors, ensure that students understand behavioral expectations, maintain an organized environment, improve positive interactions, and decrease the number of students needing intensive, individualized supports.     

RTK-GPS在工程测量中的应用

通过工程实例分析了RTK-GPS在工程测量中应用时的作业流程、性能、效率和精度。     

Be cool with academic stress: the association between emotional states and regulatory strategies among Chinese adolescents

Numerous studies have suggested that academic stress has negative impact on adolescents’ psychological function, few of those studies, however, considered whether and how the impact of stress on adolescents’ emotional states is moderated by corresponding regulation. This study aimed to examine the fluctuation of emotional states before and after the mid-term examination and the influence of different emotional regulatory strategies. In the present study, 72 adolescents aged 12–18 reported their emotional states and corresponding regulation before and after mid-term examination up to six times over a period of two weeks. Results showed that: (a) On the sampling day, the participants reported increasingly emotional states as time went by. Improvement of adolescents’ daily emotional states was more significant after the mid-term examination. Participants reported decreasingly positive emotional states and increasingly negative ones as time went by before mid-term examination. (b) Adolescents who used down-regulation at a certain sampling moment reported more pleasant emotional states at the subsequent sampling moment than those who used up-regulation. Adolescents who used more up-regulation in a negative emotional event reported more negative emotional states at the subsequent sampling moment after the mid-term examination.     

两种基于过程能力指数的抽样方案研究

采用合理的抽样频率、抽样容量可以使得过程收益最大、使得部分或总的过程（工序）控制成本最小．研究了基于过程（工序）能力指数的两种抽样方案,并且给出相关例子评价这两种抽样方案,以便在生产过程中很好地被采用．     

一种基于minimax准则的压缩采样信号检测方法

压缩感知理论是在已知信号具有稀疏性或可压缩性的条件下,对信号数据进行采集、编解码的新理论.压缩感知理论指出,当观测矩阵满足等容性原理时,可以通过远小于奈奎斯特采样点数的信号点数去重建原始信号.本文将压缩采样的框架应用到信号检测模型中去,提出了一种使用minimax准则对压缩采样的信号进行检测的方法,并从理论上证明了这种方法有很好的检测性能,最后采用蒙特卡罗仿真实验验证了理论分析的结果.     

广义函数在BRATUMASS系统紧邻目标分析中的作用

在目前的BRATUMASS系统探测机制下,由于实际条件的限制,当空间目标紧邻时,将会在系统谱线上相互干扰.这对于本身是弱信号的目标回波来说,干扰直接影响后面的散射背景电平的提取.从BRATUMASS系统探测原理出发,应用广义函数,通过分析其干扰机制,找到基于冲击函数分解的迭代方法.实验处理的结果表明：该迭代方法有效地减小了这种紧邻目标之间的干扰.     

Experiences,activities, and personal characteristics as predictors of engagement in STEM-focused summer programs

Out-of-school-time programs for youth that are focused on STEM content are often seen as affording opportunities to increase youth engagement, interest, and knowledge in STEM domains, yet we know relatively little about how youth actually experience such programs. In this article, we explore how experiences and activities employed in the delivery of summer STEM programs are associated with youth engagement during programming, and whether youth characteristics moderate these relationships. Data were collected from 203 youth (ages 10–16) in nine summer programs using multiple methods including video, experience sampling, and surveys. Through the use of cross-classified, multi-level models, we found that youth reported higher engagement in program activities they perceived to be more challenging and relevant, and in activities, they perceived to have more affordances for learning or developing skills. Gender moderated these relationships such that the positive relationships observed among males were muted or nonexistent for girls. We further identify that program activities are differently associated with fostering challenge, relevance, and learning. Findings have implications for out-of-school STEM programming for youth.     

基于低采样率数字去斜的合成孔径激光雷达成像处理

将低采样率数字去斜技术用于合成孔径激光雷达（SAL）,大幅度降低了系统的AD采样率.在此基础上,分析线性调频连续波（LFMCW）体制SAL系统的信号采样和成像处理问题.为降低回波延时误差带来的影响,给出一种延时估计方法.该方法通过截取单个扫频周期信号的回波进行去斜脉压,得到场景对应的延时;针对线性调频（LFM）信号的非线性失真,使用剩余视频相位（RVP）滤波法进行信号校正,保证去斜脉压质量.仿真实验验证了将低采样率数字去斜应用于SAL的可行性.     

Conceptions of sample and their relationship to statistical inference

We distinguish two conceptions of sample and sampling that emerged in the context of a teaching experiment conducted in a high school statistics class. In one conception ‘sample as a quasi-proportional,small-scale version of the population’ is the encompassing image. This conception entails images of repeating the sampling process and an image of variability among its outcomes that supports reasoning about distributions. In contrast, a sample may be viewed simply as ‘a subset of a population’ – an encompassing image devoid of repeated sampling, and of ideas of variability that extend to distribution. We argue that the former conception is a powerful one to target for instruction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

体育科学研究中抽样调查及检验问题的分析

讨论了在体育研究中抽样调查及检验方面的问题,特别是随机抽样中样本含量的确定问题,结合实例,指出正确的处理方法,并对统计模型的正确选用作了介绍。