突发事件中医学编辑的抗疫实践及社会责任

2019年12月以来,新冠肺炎疫情影响全球,严重威胁人类健康。中国政府和人民采取了最强有力的措施来抗击疫情,取得了阶段性的胜利。作为与医务工作者息息相关的医学编辑应借助自身平台和优势,敢于担当,勇于奉献,积极参与全民抗疫,体现编辑的社会责任。本文结合作者自身工作实际,从积极服务作者、精准策划组稿、医学科普宣传等3方面总结医学编辑的抗疫实践,供同行参考。     

Whiteboards,Blanket Forts,and Autonomy: Using Self-Determination Theory to Improve Library De-Stress Programming

In recent years, librarians at Valparaiso University have adopted a user-centered programming model, allowing students to choose their own library de-stress programs during finals. After several semesters of using this approach, the authors sought to examine whether students felt a sense of agency in suggesting and voting on programs and whether this agency affected students’ motivation to attend de-stress programs. The authors conducted two focus groups with undergraduate students. Results suggest that most students are more interested in attending programs that they personally suggested or voted for, deriving intrinsic rewards from the autonomy of having their voices heard.     

科技资源共享支撑体系的系统论探析

作为战略性资源的科技资源日益成为提高自主创新能力的基础条件和有力支撑,而优化科技资源配置的重要途径之一是实现科技资源共享,构建科技资源共享的支撑体系更是科技资源共享这一复杂系统工程的重要内容。本文从系统论的角度对科技资源进行了界定,构建了科技资源共享的政府、网络、资金和人才支撑体系框架,并以国家科技基础条件平台建设为例对科技资源共享支撑体系所具有的整体性、层次性、目的性和开放性系统特征进行分析。     

北美情报学理论近20年研究进展

采用系统综述方法对获取的69篇北美情报学理论文献进行开放式编码和进一步的逻辑分析,系统地概括北美情报学理论近20年的研究现状和最新进展。研究表明：①北美情报学理论的研究由相互关联的7个维度构成,这些维度是情报学的基本概念、跨学科理论的引入、情报学哲学理论、情报学研究领域、情报学理论框架、情报学发展、情报学学科特征。②北美情报学理论的优点是理论体系完善、多元性哲学理论共存和研究方法存在思辨与实证相结合。③北美情报学理论的局限性在于多元哲学理论间缺乏整体性分析、持续性研究欠缺和理论框架主题成果不多。     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.     

论教育语境中的正义

本文旨在探讨教育语境中的正义具有什么内涵,以及是否存在一种被证实的关于正义的教育概念。本文并不主张建立一种积极的教育正义概念,而是主张避免把教育当做服务于教育之外的正义规范的工具。因此,本文重点分析了教育中的不正义,并将其在教育系统的不同层面上进行了归类,从而形成了一种有关教育语境中的不正义的教育现象学,这也就是教育现实得以改善的起点。文章最后指出了克服这些不正义的途径。     

体育课程健廉价值论证

学生的健康发展是学校教育的首要宗旨,是培养完全意义上的合格人才的重要目的,体育课程的健康价值早已被公众所认识,从体育对学生的身体、心理、以及社会适应三个维度的影响对体育课程健康价值进行深入论证,探讨了体育课对学生的生理、心理、社会成长的积极促进作用。     

学术语言及其发展趋势

社科类学术期刊在语言使用方面存在一些共性问题:如不能对学术语言作出较为清晰的界定,语言晦涩和不规范等。这些都直接影响读者的阅读和理解。随着社会的发展和科技的进步,人们对学术研究的关注程度将不断提高,学术语言将呈现出一种新的发展趋势,即更贴近大众,并逐渐形成自身独特的魅力。     

社会秩序重塑与和谐社会构建

社会秩序的稳定有序不仅是现实中国的重要问题,是和谐社会构建的前提和基础,而且也是古今中外思想家、社会学家追求理想社会的价值诉求。解读他们重塑社会秩序的理想,认清我国转型期出现的社会秩序问题,对构建和谐社会具有重要意义。