A sociocultural perspective on mediated activity in third grade science

This ethnographic study of a third grade classroom examined elementary school science learning as a sociocultural accomplishment. The research focused on how a teacher helped his students acquire psychological tools for learning to think and engage in scientific practices as locally defined. Analyses of classroom discourse examined both how the teacher used mediational strategies to frame disciplinary knowledge in science as well as how students internalized and appropriated ways of knowing in science. The study documented and analyzed how students came to appropriate scientific knowledge as their own in an ongoing manner tied to their identities as student scientists. Implications for sociocultural theory in science education research are discussed. John Reveles is an assistant professor in the Elementary Education Department at California State University, Northridge. He received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2005. Before pursuing his Ph.D., he worked as a bilingual elementary school teacher for 3 years. His research focuses on the development of scientific literacy in elementary school settings; sociocultural influences on students' academic identity; equity of access issues in science education; qualitative and quantitative research methods. Within the Michael D. Eisner College of Education, he teaches elementary science curriculum methods courses, graduate science education seminars, and graduate research courses. Gregory Kelly is a professor of science education at Penn State University. He is a former Peace Corps Volunteer and physics teacher. He received his Ph.D. from Cornell in 1994. His research focuses on classroom discourse, epistemology, and science learning. This work has been supported by grants from Spencer Foundation, National Science Foundation, and the National Academy of Education. He teaches courses concerning the uses of history, philosophy, sociology of science in science teaching and teaching and learning science in secondary schools. He is editor of the journal Science Education. Richard Durán is a Professor in the Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara. His research and publications have been in the areas of literacy and assessment of English Language Learners and Latino students. He has also conducted research on after school computer clubs, technology and learning as part of the international UC Links Network. With support from the Kellogg Foundation, he is implementing and investigating community and family-centered intervention programs serving the educational progress of Latino students in the middle and high school grades.     

发愤亦发奋也——也看司马迁《史记》的创作动因

关于司马迁《史记》的创作,大多研究者是持“发愤著书”的观点的。文章从司马迁创作的主观愿望和客观遭遇看认为《史记》的“发愤著书”包括两个方面:一是在个人遭际的怨愤基础上痛定思痛之后思想认识的深化,二是希望有所作为的发奋著书的信念。     

谈孙悟空"理想人"形象的创造

吴承恩以孙悟空这一文学形象贯穿了整个表达个体化理想的“西游”世界。孙悟空是作者心志的流出，对此形象的分析是理解《西游记》全书旨要的关键。文章以孙悟空是吴承恩所塑造的“理想人”为出发点，试图从作者赋予理想人的特质、孙悟空作为理想人活动的背景与对立面、理想人在神魔世界中的边缘化处境和原因三方面入手，着重探讨孙悟空作为“理想人”模型的内在原因及其表现形式，努力构建出对孙悟空形象的个体化理解并对此作出美学意义上的阐发。     

Nobel Prize in Physics 2006

The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965 was a defining moment in the history of cosmology — the science that deals with the universe as a whole, its origin, evolution and future. This discovery was recognized with Nobel Prizes to Penzias and Wilson in 1978. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2006 further acknowledged the importance of the study of this background radiation. The precise measurement of the spectrum of this radiation and its variation across the sky have helped our understanding of the evolution of structures in the universe. This article explains these discoveries and their importance. T Padmanabhan is a professor at IUCAA, Pune. He is interested in all aspects of theoretical physics, and especially in those in which gravity plays a role.     

蒙古族中古英雄史诗社会文化背景分析

在蒙古族中古时期．部族间的割据混战、封建制度的不断深化、蒙汉文化交流与中原农耕文化的渗透以及萨满教的延续和佛教的传播等社会文化原因所致，其时的英雄史诗具有与远古英雄史诗明显不同的时代特色。诸如，主题中渗透着封建等级制的特征和萨满教与佛教的斗争；原有人物形象分化成汗和臣属两个等级之外，还增加了许多新形象；使用魔法和妖术布阵等母题的引入使其情节结构变得十分丰富和复杂。     

安徽电大开放教育毕业生追踪调查结果相关分析

根据毕业生追踪调查的结果，对毕业生的背景、电大教学改革与毕业生的评价、培养人才与毕业生质量等情况进行分析，得出相关的结论：电大培养的是面向基层的留得住的应用型人才；多方面教学改革成果较为显著；用人单位对毕业生质量较为满意。     

关于听力理解

听力理解是一个复杂、积极的过程。听者不是被动地接收听觉符号，而是要采用“自上而下”的过程(利用已知信息)和“自下而上”的过程(分析语言特点)。因此，比起其它语言能力，听力对学习者的要求更高。     

温特建构主义凸现的时代背景

国际政治中的社会建构主义理论兴起于20世纪80年代中后期，80年代束和90年代初开始成型．90年代中后期开始成为国际关系理论的强劲流派。它的兴起不是偶然的，它是国际关系理论发展的内在逻辑和国际政治现实变化的外在要求所致。     

02级英语本科新生情况的调查和分析

本从教育统计学和教育测量学的角度，对02级英语本科新生的情况进行了调查和分析，从中找出学生在入学阶段时的学习动机、学习志向和专业知识结构方面所存在的实际情况和问题，并提出解决问题的的建议和措施。     

论教学情境的主要类型

传统教学也注重情境创设,新课程从以人为本、回归生活、注重发展的教育理念出发,大大丰富了情境的内涵,并对情境创设提出了新的要求,情境创设因此成为了新课程课堂教学改革的一个热门话题。