新制度经济学与政治学新制度主义的三个流派

新制度经济学批判新古典理论过于抽象,但自身也未能很好地解决制度研究的现实性、历史性和社会性问题.在新制度经济学陷入困境的同时,政治学领域兴起了以理性选择制度主义、历史制度主义和社会学制度主义为代表的新制度主义浪潮.本文从制度观,制度对行为的影响,制度变迁理论、历史、社会背景和文化在制度研究中的地位等方面,对政治学新制度主义三个流派进行了述评,分析了政治学新制度主义的蓬勃发展可能为新制度经济学走出困境带来的启示及其对我国新制度经济学发展的意义.     

Children's drawings provide a new perspective on teacher–child relationship quality and school adjustment

A growing literature points to the importance of children's relationships with their teachers as a factor influencing attitudinal, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of school adjustment. However, such data may be confounded when the same teacher rates school adjustment as well as relationship quality. The present study sought to address this problem by investigating direct (self-reported feelings about the teacher) and indirect (representations through drawings) procedures to assess children's perspectives on the relationship. Self-report questions were adapted from measures of school liking and maternal acceptance. Drawings applied Fury's system for describing relational negativity in child–family drawings. Results, based on a sample of 125 six-year-olds, showed significant associations between children's reports/drawings and teacher-rated relationship quality and school adjustment. Negativity in child–teacher drawings was a particularly salient correlate, suggesting that children's representations of relationships can provide a useful independent means of identifying relationship or adjustment difficulties at school.     

A review of research into stakeholder perspectives on inclusion of students with autism in mainstream schools

Increasing numbers of students with autism are being educated in mainstream schools. However, outcomes for students with autism are poor when compared to typical students and students with other developmental disabilities. In order to better understand facilitators and barriers to success at school for students with autism, research into the attitudes of key stakeholders, educators, parents, people with autism, to inclusion in mainstream schools for students with autism, was reviewed. Key themes emerging included attitudes to inclusion, the characteristics of autism and social communication in particular and interaction with the school environment, and consequent student problem behaviour. Level of knowledge and understanding of school staff emerged as the primary issue with all stakeholders identifying the need for more training. Other support needs identified included the need for structural support, resources and funding. Parents, in particular, identified the need for a collaborative approach to the education process. The findings highlight the need to translate theory into practice to increase capacity in schools to provide effective educational programmes for students with autism.     

Conceptualising play-based learning from kindergarten teachers’ perspectives

This study sought to gain insight into how Ontario teachers define play-based learning, and how their perspectives affect its implementation in kindergarten classrooms. Using survey data from kindergarten teachers from around the province of Ontario, two definitions of play were developed: one focused on social development through play and the other on academic and social development in play. Results revealed inconsistencies in participants’ definitions and implementations of play-based learning in kindergarten classrooms. Several participants described the enactment of play that was entirely separate from learning, yet still indicated some belief in the ability to learn through play. While all participants described positive perspectives of play-based learning, more than half described the implementation of kindergarten programmes that did not fully integrate play-based learning as it is described in the Ontario curriculum. Participants were also asked to identify challenges they experienced in their implementation of play-based pedagogy. Participants in all enactment groups indicated experiencing challenges to their play implementation. These results support the need for a clear and consistent definition of play-based learning that will help determine how best to integrate play and the learning of academic skills.     

走进现实:马克思主义哲学学科五十年

北京师范大学马克思主义哲学学科经过50年的发展,成长为国家重点学科.在50年的学科建设中,它造就了自己的学术传统,形成了鲜明的学术特色:始终坚持马克思主义方向,不断开拓新领域,从认识论转向价值论和人学;始终坚持理论联系实际,积极开展重大社会现实问题的理论研究;始终强调跨学科研究,不断扩展理论视界,丰富研究内容,开辟领域哲学.新世纪里,我们将综合运用多种学科的基本理论和方法在马克思主义人的理论、价值与文化理论、唯物史观与社会发展理论三个研究方向上拓展和深化,全面推进历史唯物主义研究,到2015年前后,使本学科成为世界知名的、国内一流的、有特色的、开放的马克思主义哲学学科.     

2001-2005年中国妇女运动史研究述评

进入21世纪的中国妇女运动史研究在研究视域、研究方法和叙事方式上呈现出新的取向,不同形态的妇女运动被置于中国现代化的历史脉络中加以考察,新概念、新范畴的介入引发了对妇女运动事件与人物的重新审视,凸显了运动主体的成长轨迹,使新世纪的妇女运动史研究更加生动鲜活。但综观五年来的妇运史研究仍存在着基础理论研究薄弱,自我更新能力不足,在用外来概念重新建构历史时,忽视对史料的梳理分析等问题。为此,妇运史研究者应钩沉探微,处理好理论与实证、叙述与阐释、传统与创新、外来与本土的关系,以整合复杂多样的历史经验,增强妇运史的研究活力。     

社会视角下对学生数学教学信念的研究

从社会视角来看,学生数学教学信念可以分成如下几部分:对于作为活动中介的学校数学的信念;对于活动中自我的信念;对于活动中教师与学生角色的信念;对于活动以及活动中社会规范和数学社会规范的信念.学生的数学教学信念是在数学课堂教学的社会活动中产生和发展的.数学课程改革应该重视培养学生形成新的数学教学信念.     

高等教育质量观的多元表达与教学评估变革

在高等教育大众化阶段,不同利益主体的高等教育价值观是不一致的,从而决定了在对高校教学质量评估上不同的评估内容和方法。当前我国高等教育质量观开始经历从社会本位向个体价值的转变,将对高校的教学质量评估产生深远的影响。教学质量的评估必须从根本上关注学生的就读结果和就读经历,并以此来统领教学评估工作中各参与方的价值诉求。     

社会学发展历程中的呐喊

社会学的产生,经历了一段从无到有的学科诞生过程。传统之后的承继者,在不断地谱写社会学的发展繁荣史时,也使学科陷入了发展的困境。随后他们发起了对社会学知识进行修订和完善的呼唤,掀起了学科发展历程中的三次代表性呐喊。其中不论是社会学的危机、社会学的新启蒙还是社会学的理论自觉,它们都是社会学作为一门学科发展历程的必然要求和自身知识创新的内在需求。社会学发展历程中的呐喊,也是为了能够更好地在自身的体系内形成话语共识,并促进这门学科的成长。     

论良渚玉器的审美特征

在玉器制作的过程中,良渚先民体现了日益觉醒的主体意识。其玉器在制作中以情感和想象力为动力,在尊重实用规律的基础上形成了特殊的造型特点。良渚玉器以玉琮为代表,追求造型与用途、纹饰和玉质相匹配。造型简洁质朴而意蕴淳朴;外部柔和而有内在张力;形体流畅而富有表现力,并与纹饰和玉质搭配和谐。神人兽面纹为主和鸟纹、蛇纹构成了良渚礼器纹饰系统。表现方法上讲究视角的多元性、构图的整体性,整体构图的疏密有致和均匀分布。