Influence of solvent and polymer sort on anomalous rheological behavior of polymer solution at high dilution

The rheological behavior of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) in N,N′=dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and toluene (TOL), polystyrene (PS) in DMF, MEK, DCE, THF and cyclohexane (CYH), and random ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in DCE, TOL, CYH with and without surfactant of Span80 and in the DCE/CYH solvent mixtures with surfactant of Span80 was examined at high dilution. It was shown that the extent and type of the upsweep or downsweep (anomalous rheological behavior) of the reduced viscosity-concentration curves of these different polymers at high dilution are markedly dependent on the dielectric constant of the solvent and the polarity of the polymer used. The experimental results indicated that the anomalous rheological behavior of EVA copolymer, widely used as a flow improver, is related to its efficiency in reducing viscosity and depressing pour point of crude oil and waxy solvents. Project (No.29774020) suppored by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC).     

Mathcad用于热分解动力学模型参数的优化

利用数学工具软件Mathcad2001,对4Na2SO4·2H2O2·NaCl加合物的热分解动力学方程模型中的参数进行优化,得到了其热分解动力学方程式,优化的结果能准确地模拟4Na2SO4·2H2O2·NaCl的实际分解过程.Mathcad的使用大大减少了计算工作量.对于其它物质的热分解过程、非均相及均相体系反应的动力学方程式参数都可用Mathcad2001工具软件进行优化.     

高锰酸钾氧化反应中若干基本问题的探讨

研究了酸度、温度、Mn^2 浓度等因素对高锰酸钾氧化草酸钠反应过程的影响。通过在线测量该反应过程的紫外—可见光谱变化，借助主成分分析等数据处理方法，获得了反应动力学过程及中间体的信息。通过系列实验研究以及对实验数据的计算机处理，大大提高了同学们的综合能力和学习兴趣。     

乙酸乙酯皂化反应速度常数测定实验研究

乙酸乙酯皂化反应速度常数的测定 ,现行教课书都是让反应物乙酸乙酯和NaOH的浓度相等 ,忽略反应产物醋酸钠水解对Gt、G∞ 的影响 ,以 (G0 -Gt) (Gt-G∞)对t作图 ,利用所得直线的斜率求速度常数k .该直线的线性相关系数一般都只有一个“9” .用氢氧化钠过量的测定方法虽有文献[1,2 ] 报导 ,但 [1 ]计算复杂 ,[2 ]需测定G∞ 的pH值 .改进后的方法 ,让氢氧化钠的浓度比乙酸乙酯浓度过量 30 %左右 ,用新的可线性化方程作直线 ,计算简单 ,无需pH计 ,线性相关系数一般都在两个“9”以上 .另外 ,实验装置的改进 ,也使操作变得方便 ,实验精度有所提高 .     

SO42-/TiO2/Sm3+催化合成乙酸苄酯的研究

采用稀土元素Sm3+对固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2的改性,制备出稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/Sm3+催化剂,应用于合成乙酸苄酯的反应中.并研究了各种因素对酯化率的影响,最佳反应条件为催化剂焙烧温度450℃, 催化剂用量为1.0g,醇酸摩尔比1.8(乙酸的用量为0.2mol),反应时间为2.0h,乙酸苄酯的酯化率达95.7%.     

The Promise of Andragogy and Experimental Learning to Improve Teaching of Nutrition Concepts to Culinary Arts Students

This randomized controlled trial compared the effectiveness of traditional lecture (C), face‐to‐face demonstration (DP), on‐line lecture capture (OP), and the combination of the last two (OP+DP) to enhance culinary arts students' application skills related to sodium usage in food preparation. Objectives were to compare relative effectiveness of the four instructional methods with respect to knowledge about dietary sodium, ease of use of sodium reduction techniques, strategies to reduce sodium and attitudes about use of dietary sodium in cooking; and to compare student satisfaction with the instructional methods. A convenience sample of n = 139 students was randomized to receive the C, DP, OP, or OP+DP intervention. To measure effectiveness of each instructional method, a nutrition survey was administered as a pre‐test, post‐test, and an eight‐week follow‐up. There was no statistically significant difference in performance between DP, OP, and OP+DP groups on each subscale. However, each of these methods performed significantly better than the control group (C). DP, OP, and OP+DP methods were superior to the control group (C). In general, OP+DP resulted in the largest effect sizes, suggesting that this intervention was possibly more effective as compared to the OP or DP. Future culinarians can benefit from learning about health‐conscious sodium reduction cooking practices as seen in the nutrition education sector to improve population health.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成β-萘甲醚

硫酸氢钠能够代替硫酸作为醚化催化剂 .在一水硫酸氢钠存在下 ,由 β -萘酚和甲醇合成了 β -萘甲醚 .研究了反应的影响因素和催化剂的重复使用性能 ,当 β-萘酚、甲醇和硫酸氢钠的物质的量比为 1:4 :0 .2 9,回流反应 14h ,醚收率达 93.7% .     

氨基磺酸法合成十二烷基硫酸钠综合实验

十二烷基硫酸钠是阴离子硫酸酯类表面活性剂的典型代表,具有广泛的用途。十二烷基硫酸钠的合成制备是常见的化工专业实验,但存在合成时间长、产率低、产品稳定性差的缺点。该文对氨基磺酸法合成十二烷基硫酸钠专业实验进行了研究,在保证产率的基础上有效缩短了实验时间,并结合产品的提纯、分析和表征提高实验的综合性。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成丁酸丁酯

以硫酸氢钠为催化剂催化正丁酸和正丁醇进行酯化反应合成了丁酸丁酯 ,讨论了反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比等因素对酯化率的影响 ,确定了最佳反应条件 :酸醇摩尔比 1∶1 1,催化剂用量 0 1g ,反应时间6 0min ,反应温度 12 0～ 14 0℃ ,酯化率达 98 8% .     

Inhibitory effects of jujuboside A on EEG and hippocampal glutamate in hyperactive rat

In this study, the inhibitory effect ofjujuboside A (JuA) on a penicillin sodium (Na-PCN) induced hyperactivity model was investigated. Cortical EEG (electroencephalogram) and the concentration of hippocampal Glutamate (Glu) were monitored simultaneously in vivo as indicators of rat's excitatory state. Power spectral density (PSD) and gravity frequency of PSD were calculated. JuA (0.05 g/L and 0.1 g/L) inhibited the EEG excitation effect caused by Na-PCN by increasing the power of δ1 and δ2bands (P＜0.01 vs model) and lowering the gravity frequency of PSD (P＜0.01 vs model). JuA also remarkably reduced the Glu elevation induced by Na-PCN (P＜0.05 vs model). Diazepam also depressed Glu concentration and lowered the gravity frequency,but it showed a different EEG pattern in increased β2-activity (P＜0.01 vs model). EEG excitation caused by Na-PCN correlated with Glu elevation during the first hour. Neurophysiological inhibitory effects of JuA and diazepam were more persistent than their Glu inhibitoty effects.