徽州傩文化土壤与体育元素研究

傩文化以其在徽文化中的特殊地位和影响,已越来越多的受到当今专家学者的关注.应用田野调查法及文献资料法,就傩在徽州地域发展的土壤、傩文化的属性、傩文化在徽州的演变及现实意义进行了较系统的研究,认为科学的挖掘徽州傩文化中的体育元素,对我国传统体育和世界体育提供独特的实践内容,对更好地开展全民健身活动、增强人民群众的凝聚力和构建和谐社会方面均有积极的促进作用.     

石膏/蚯蚓粪肥对赤泥团聚体结构稳定性的影响

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程中排放的高碱性固体废弃物,迄今尚无经济有效的处置方法。以华中地区某堆场赤泥为研究对象,通过土培实验研究改良剂（石膏、蚯蚓粪肥、石膏+蚯蚓粪肥）对赤泥团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明：石膏的添加能显著降低赤泥pH,而蚯蚓粪肥能显著增加赤泥有机碳含量。土培60 d时,石膏添加后赤泥pH由10.54降到8.75,蚯蚓粪肥添加后赤泥有机碳含量由3.54 g·kg^-1增加至14.31 g·kg^-1。土培180 d时,石膏、蚯蚓粪肥、石膏+蚯蚓粪肥添加后赤泥水稳性团聚体含量由12.04%分别增加到23.49%、29.24%、33.94%;团聚体平均重量直径由0.15 mm分别增加到0.26、0.30、0.34 mm;可蚀性因子由0.36分别降低到0.31、0.30、0.29。石膏和蚯蚓粪肥的添加促进水稳性团聚体形成,提高赤泥团聚体稳定性。基质改良对赤泥团聚体稳定性的影响效果依次为：石膏+蚯蚓粪肥 > 蚯蚓粪肥 > 石膏。研究结果对赤泥土壤化处置和规模化消纳研究有科学参考意义。     

特殊类型土的固化研究

根据膨胀土和砂质粘上的结构特点与理化性质,调整粉状固化剂的组成与配比,采用新型固化剂,使固化土稳定强度大幅度提高膨胀土24h快速养护浸水后强度为2.45～2.95MPa,而砂质粘土为4．24～4.45MPa．     

冀西北黄土丘陵区小流域综合治理和土地利用模式研究

水土流失是冀西北黄土丘陵土地退化和农业经济落后的主要原因之一，而不合理的土地利用结构，粗放耕作，广种薄收等因素又使该区土壤侵蚀日益严重。本文应用遥感方法通过对典型市区涿鹿县石瓮小流域土壤侵蚀的定量分析和土地利用现状的调整及其主要问题的剖析，将水土保持规划和土地利用结构优化有机地结合了起来，充分体现了水土保持的综合治理原则和土地资源合理原则，以及生态效益和经济效益科学统一的原则。初步提出了一套河滩水浇地基本农田带——梁峁缓坡地集约经营梯田果林带——梁峁陡坡地旱作果粮间作带——梁峁顶部缓坡地旱粮作物——土—石过渡区、石质山灌木林和用材林带的以农果为主、多种经营立体布局的小流域综合治理和土地利用模式，在冀西北黄土丘陵区县有推广意义。     

盐碱地改良技术综述与一种新的研究模式展望

我国是一个农业人口大国,耕地和粮食的质量安全及稳定生产,在国民经济发展中具有非常重要的地位。体现农业综合生产能力的重要标志是耕地资源质量问题,其中对盐碱化土壤等中、低产改造利用是一项重要的基础工程,为此我国在农田盐碱地改良利用治理和研究诸多方面付出了不懈的努力,并取得了显著的成效。本文根源于我国盐碱地改良整治技术的发展,对传统的水利改良技术、后起的土壤生物化学改良技术、现代节水灌溉农田水盐调控技术研究内容和效果等进行了综述分析。随着我国多形式节水灌溉技术研究应用和推广,以适应新的灌溉条件下土壤水盐管理利用的新技术理论和方法也在不断呈现,如"土壤水盐定向迁移"和农田土壤"盐分上移地表排"即为近年来我国水利科技人员,创新提出并研究的土壤水盐改良利用新技术理论和解决模式,本文对这一新的技术理论和灌排模式研究内容进行了介绍,并提出展望。     

兰新二线粗粒土易溶盐试验方法研究

兰新二线是国家重点铁路项目,粗粒土是主要路基填料,为了研究兰新二线粗粒土易溶盐合理的测定方法,对兰新二线典型区域的粗粒土进行了颗粒组成统计分析、粗粒土试样制备粒径研究以及土水比与含盐量关系地分析,提出了兰新二线粗粒土易溶盐合理的测定方法:砾石类土易溶盐试验,采用通过5 mm筛孔的烘干土样200 g;砂类土易溶盐试验,采用通过1 mm筛孔的烘干土样100 g;细粒土易溶盐试验,采用通过1 mm筛孔的烘干土样100 g,土水比1∶5进行易溶盐试验,测定的易溶盐含量具有较好的代表性,符合工程实际。     

伊犁新垦区土地利用和地形对表层土壤养分变异性的影响

本文基于野外实测剖面数据,借助于数理统计方法探讨了采样点尺度上土地利用和地形因子（海拔、坡度和坡向）对伊犁新垦区表层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量分布特征的影响。结果表明：①土地利用类型对表层土壤的有机质、全氮和全磷有显著性影响,而对全钾的影响不显著;②不同地形因子对表层土壤养分要素影响的显著性各异。4种养分含量与海拔呈极显著正相关,在500～600m梯度平均含量均最低,600～700m梯度波动范围均最大;有机质、全氮和全钾在高海拔梯度的平均含量高于低海拔的含量,全磷的平均含量随着海拔升高呈倒U型分布;③有机质和全氮与坡度呈显著正相关,3°以上的平均含量显著高于3°以下;在坡度〈1.82°时,4种养分含量的波动范围最大;④全磷与坡向呈显著负相关;阴坡的各种养分因子的平均含量不同程度的高于阳坡的含量;除全钾外,各种养分因子在阳坡的波动范围均大于阴坡的范围;⑤土地利用类型与地形条件的交互作用对表层土壤养分含量存在影响。在不同地形条件下,不同土地利用类型间的表层土壤养分含量高低情况存在差异,表现在较高海拔、较大坡度和阴坡上中覆被草地的有机质含量明显高于农田和低覆被草地,而在较低海拔、较小坡度和阳坡上则情况相反。     

土壤含水量对浑水入渗能力的影响

土壤含水量对浑水入渗能力产生明显影响,土壤含水量由小变大,浑水入渗能力减小;3个入渗参数随土壤含水量的增大而减小。研究结果对于指导浑水入渗及引洪补源具有重要意义。     

Study of cellulolytic soil fungi and two nova species and new medium

This study is aimed at identifying and determining the percentage of occurrence frequency of cellulose decomposing soil fungi. The soil samples were inoculated into culture plates prepared in Sabouraud medium under sterilized conditions and incubated at 30 ℃ for 4 to 7 d. The identified fungal species were incubated in self-designed cellulose medium for testing their cellulolytic ability. Forty-two species, including2 nova species, representing sixteen genera showed growth and sporulation in the cellulose medium. Most of the isolated species were from genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. Aspergillus niger and Mucor hiemalis showed highest occurrence frequency （45% and 36% respectively）, as these species were collected from about 80% of soil samples. Being agar free and cheaper, the new fungal medium designed showed results equivalent to Sabouraud medium.     

Farmers' Adoption of Soil Conservation Technologies: A Case Study from Osun State,Nigeria

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to determine the attitude of farmers towards erosion and the adoption of appropriate soil conservation technologies (SCTs). For the survey, farmers were selected from the communities Esa Oke, Elwure and Owode-Ede and Akoda in Osun State in Nigeria. In the first three communities farmers did receive training on soil conservation, in the fourth not. About 60 farmers were interviewed to obtain information on personal and socio-economic characteristics, awareness of environmental problems, attitude towards erosion control and experiences with SCTs. Statistical data analyses (analyses of frequencies, correlation, t-test, χ²-test) were made to examine possible relationships among parameters and the influence of factors on adoption.

Most respondents were advanced in years, responsible for large households and characterized by low levels of income and literacy. Soil erosion was seen as a problem confronting agricultural production only to a small extent. The adoption rate of SCTs was low, as only mulching, cover cropping, contour tillage and cut-off drainage were practised and often rejected. Low labour-demand, the availability of common equipment, low costs of application, ease of practice and compatibility with the existing farming system influenced adoption.

The observed positive correlation between level of education, knowledge of appropriate technologies, farming experience and the number of SCTs adopted emphasizes the importance for farmers of education and training. Strengthening agricultural extension agencies for capacity building is an important tool for improving soil conservation in Nigeria.

The paper clarifies with specific examples the causes of the low rates of adoption of available technologies, with a reduced impact of research and of efforts to achieve food security and sustainable production at village level.