基于PLC的太阳能集热供水控制装置的设计

研究了基于PLC技术的太阳能集热供水控制装置的设计,给出了系统的设计方案和相应模块的选型,介绍了系统软件设计总体思想并给出了相应的子程序;系统还可实现触摸屏操作和显示。     

3G基站3KW风光发电互补型独立供电系统的设计

研究3G基站3KW风光发电互补型独立供电系统的结构设计与控制系统,系统基站备用储蓄电源,以充分保证基站在任何情况下都能正常供电。在不同天气状态下,实现风力发电和太阳能发电系互补。通过对不同天气和负载下的系统仿真实验,验证了3KW风光发电互补型独立供电系统的有效性。     

低碳能源技术在我国农村地区扩散中的口碑效应研究——以太阳能热水器为例

结合农村居民的消费行为特征,运用创新扩散理论对低碳能源技术在农村推广应用中的口碑效应进行分析,影响因素包括邻居效应、仰城效应、替代效应、收入效应和政策效应。以太阳能热水器为例的实证结果表明,该项技术扩散中的邻居效应、仰城效应、替代效应和收入效应显著,但各自的影响方式、途径和程度与现有的理论假设并不完全一致,同时政策效应的影响也并不显著,据此提出建设性的政策改进意见。     

西藏核桃果皮色素的提取与吸光度测定

天然植物色素可以作为研制染料敏化太阳能电池的一种颜料(光敏剂)。西藏核桃果皮富含丰富色素,本文利用萃取、色谱分离技术提取了西藏林芝核桃果皮色素。用蒸馏水从500g干核桃果皮中提取获得了21.03g色素,产率达4.21%。用四氯化碳从500g鲜核桃果皮中提取获得了0.35g色素。利用紫外可见光度计对以上两种萃取流程获得的色素进行了吸光度测定。结果显示核桃果皮色素对波长越短的光吸收能力越强。紫外区有最大的吸光度,然后随着波长的增大,吸光度逐渐变小。为今后研制色素增感型太阳能电池提供了萃取色素颜料技术。     

Strain in perovskite solar cells: origins,impacts and regulation

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have seen an extremely rapid rise in power conversion efficiencies in the past few years. However, the commercialization of this class of emerging materials still faces serious challenges, one of which is the instability against external stimuli such as moisture, heat and irradiation. Much focus has deservedly been placed on understanding the different origins of intrinsic instability and thereby enhancing their stability. Among these, tensile strain in perovskite films is an important source of instability that cannot be overcome using conventionally extrinsic stabilization approaches such as encapsulation. Here we review recent progress in the understanding of the origin of strain in perovskites as well as its corresponding characterization methods, and their impacts on the physical properties of perovskites and the performance of PSCs including efficiency and stability. We then summarize the latest advances in strain-regulation strategies that improve the intrinsic stability of perovskites and photovoltaic devices. Finally, we provide a perspective on how to make further progress in stable and high-efficiency PSCs via strain engineering.     

杭州太阳能资源变化特征及评估

通过对1981-2010年杭州太阳总辐射和日照时数资料统计分析,结果表明:杭州太阳总辐射近30 a呈现上升趋势,春季太阳总辐射上升趋势最为显著;月太阳总辐射呈双峰型变化,7月最高、1月最低。日照时数近30 a呈现下降趋势,夏季和冬季日照时数下降趋势显著,夏季日照时数最高,冬季最低,春秋两季日照时数差异不大,月日照时数7月最高、2月最低。对杭州太阳能资源进行分析评估,结果表明,近30 a杭州太阳总辐射年平均值4196.41 MJ/m2.a,属于太阳能资源较丰富区;太阳能资源稳定程度指标为4.5,属于太阳能资源不稳定区域。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘地表反照率特征及参数化研究

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘肖塘站观测资料,分析了地表反照率变化特征及影响因子,找出了土壤湿度临界点,分别拟合出地表反照率与太阳高度角、2.5cm土壤湿度经验公式,讨论了地表反照率参数化方案,运用CoLM陆面过程模式进行了Off-line试验,并与观测数据进行了对比。结果表明,肖塘地区地表反照率冬季大、夏季小,年平均值为0.27。太阳高度角≥15°时地表反照率趋于一个常数,且与太阳高度角满足指数函数关系。不同天气下地表反照率不同,雨天减小,雪天增大。晴空指数≤0.3时,地表反照率波动很大。肖塘地区地表反照率与太阳高度角和土壤湿度拟合效果不好;随2m气温和地表温度升高基本呈减小趋势,但不明显。土壤湿度对肖塘地区地表反照率年内变化没有影响,只对日变化有影响,且地表反照率对0.097~0.13范围内的浅层土壤湿度响应敏感。CoLM原模式模拟的净辐射、感热通量和地表温度平均日变化与观测数据有较好的一致性。地表反照率参数化方案改为0.27后,CoLM模式对净辐射平均日变化正午前后的模拟与观测基本一致;对地表温度平均日变化模拟得到改善,平均峰值低估0.51℃;地表反照率参数化后CoLM模式对感热通量平均日变化模拟能力没有提高。     

公历星期推算图

星期纪日是以 7为周期的纪日方法。每日的星期号数与公历日期并无规律 ,应用诺模图原理绘制的星期推算图 ,无需作任何计算 ,根据公历年月日即可方便快捷地求出当日的星期号数     

International Collaboration Activity Index: Case study of dye-sensitized solar cells

International scientific collaboration has been the dominant driving force for promoting scientific and technological advancement. However, current international scientific collaboration analysis and evaluation mainly concentrate on the exploration of international collaboration network; hence, an evaluation method of international scientific collaboration is yet to be formed. In this paper, we take the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as an empirical object and combine the international collaboration network with geographic information, which we call the International Collaboration Map, to display the international collaboration situations among countries or regions worldwide (inter-country collaboration), the collaborations among countries or regions within each continent (intra-continent collaboration), and the collaborations among continents (inter-continent collaboration) from different angles. Based on the thought of fractional count, this study introduces the indicators of collaborative country rank, international collaboration width, and international collaboration activity; the study employs the International Collaboration Activity Index (ICAI) to comprehensively measure the degree of countries or regions international collaboration at the country or region level. It systematically evaluates the differences between the active degree of relevant countries or regions in collaborative research. We use correlation analysis among the five sub-criterions and verify the rationality of index construction. K-means clustering analysis is undertaken among 84 countries or regions in the DSSCs field. The results show the formation of three groups, each with their unique international collaboration features.