基于EDA的太阳能热水器控制系统设计

随着人们生活水平的日益提高,智能化家庭住宅模式将成为家庭住宅模式的发展趋势。而智能化的太阳能热水器控制系统必然会受到消费者的欢迎。基于上述发展趋势,本文以FPGA芯片为主体,基于VHDL语言设计了一套智能太阳能热水器控制系统。本控制器可以实现太阳能加热与辅助加热相结合、自动上水、定时上水、水满则停等功能。     

晶体硅太阳电池接触电阻测量

金属电极与硅的接触电阻是太阳电池中串联电阻的一部分,是影响太阳电池填充因子和短路电流进而影响光电转换效率的重要因素之一,通过了解接触电阻的大小,可以判断太阳电池电极的优劣。接触电阻的测量,较为困难,难以精确,笔者给出了一种基于PN Vinod三点测试方法的改进方法及测试实例。     

Paving the road toward the use of β-Fe2O3 in solar water splitting: Raman identification,phase transformation and strategies for phase stabilization

Although β-Fe₂O₃ has a high theoretical solar-to-hydrogen efficiency because of its narrow band gap, the study of β-Fe₂O₃ photoanodes for water splitting is elusive as a result of their metastable nature. Raman identification of β-Fe₂O₃ is theoretically and experimentally investigated in this study for the first time, thus clarifying the debate about its Raman spectrum in the literature. Phase transformation of β-Fe₂O₃ to α-Fe₂O₃ was found to potentially take place under laser and electron irradiation as well as annealing. Herein, phase transformation of β-Fe₂O₃ to α-Fe₂O₃ was inhibited by introduction of Zr doping, and β-Fe₂O₃ was found to withstand a higher annealing temperature without any phase transformation. The solar water splitting photocurrent of the Zr-doped β-Fe₂O₃ photoanode was increased by 500% compared to that of the pure β-Fe₂O₃ photoanode. Additionally, Zr-doped β-Fe₂O₃ exhibited very good stability during the process of solar water splitting. These results indicate that by improving its thermal stability, metastable β-Fe₂O₃ film is a promising photoanode for solar water splitting.     

交叉双尖窄状多重温室与太阳能热利用

将日光温室进一步改造为内部成交叉双尖窄状的多重温室,使尖窄状内温度更高,从而使置于尖窄状内的太阳能集热器的热效率更高,达90%左右,并将这种特殊结构的温室安装在建筑物窗户外面下端的墙壁上,而热水箱则放于室内,并用软管与集热器相连通,就构成一种窗户型太阳能热利用装置.从而"将多重温室太阳能与建筑相结合,并且使用方式从房顶转向窗户",是一条新的技术路线.     

Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC₇₁BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.     

地球椭球模型中太阳位置计算的改进

准确高效的太阳位置计算在遥感辐射定标、太阳能获取等多个领域具有重要应用价值。针对传统太阳赤纬角算法对不同年份数据差异考虑不足的问题,采用数值拟合法提出适用于不同年份的改进公式。根据误差曲线所呈现的周期性,采用傅里叶展开法提出以4年为周期的赤纬角改进算法,并推导出地球椭球模型下的太阳高度角公式。蒙气差影响太阳位置观测与计算。针对传统蒙气差算法在低仰角下误差较大的问题,提出0°~30°仰角下蒙气差的改进公式。把改进算法与相应的传统算法进行误差对比,结果表明,改进算法在太阳赤纬角、太阳高度角、低仰角下蒙气差计算的误差均明显降低,计算过程简单高效,符合相关工程项目应用需求。     

基于LAMOST对银河系厚盘恒星轨道偏心率及厚盘形成机制的研究

基于LAMOST光谱数据,选取一个太阳邻域F/G型主序星样本研究银河系厚盘恒星的轨道偏心率分布.厚盘星是基于空间位置和金属丰度[Fe/H]来证认,同时分析薄盘星的污染带来的影响.发现厚盘恒星轨道偏心率分布在低偏心率（约为0.2）处有一个峰值,而且向高偏心率延伸一个尾巴（到e~0.8）.把得到的厚盘恒星偏心率分布与4个厚盘形成模型进行对比,发现此结果与富气体并合模型最为符合.     

广州地区太阳辐射特征分析与建模

根据广州1市2007-2011年的逐日太阳辐射和日照时间观测数据,对广州市的月太阳总辐射、散射辐射、水平面直射辐射以及每月日最大总辐射辐照度历年平均值进行了计算。分析了广州市太阳辐射量的变化特征,根据Angstrom—Prescott模型,推导出了太阳总辐射月均值及日值的估算经验公式,对所得到的经验公式运用平均百分误差、平均偏差、均方根误差进行了误差分析,结果表明能满足工程应用的要求。     

太阳能光伏发电及其发展

论述开发利用太阳能的重要性和光伏发电在未来能源结构中的重要地位。介绍最近太阳能电池和光伏发电在世界和中国的发展情况,并讨论开发太阳能利用产品来发展阳光经济的前景。     

电子中微子和电子的反常磁矩

由焦－宫亚夸克模型出发,过渡到Ｎａｍｂｕ模型的二体结构形式,用亚夸克动力学观点,民出了中微子和电子的反常荷,计算了电子中微子和电子的反常磁矩。