Private speech in children with ADHD and their typically developing peers during problem-solving and inhibition tasks

This study compared private speech of children with ADHD and normal controls during problem solving and inhibition tasks. Thirty-two children (16 children with ADHD and 16 matched controls) aged 6–11 years participated. Consistent with previous studies, children with ADHD produced more task-irrelevant and task-relevant external private speech than control children during problem-solving tasks, but did not differ in their use of task-relevant internal private speech. During the inhibition/attention task (Continuous Performance Test-II), children with ADHD produced more task-relevant external and more task-relevant internal private speech, suggesting that they may have employed a less mature strategy to aid in self-regulation. The educational implications of the current study are that there should be an increased awareness of the developmental nature and functional significance of private speech and how private speech usage may differ in children with ADHD.     

Persona-Based Journaling: Striving for Authenticity in Representing the Problem-Solving Process

Students’ mathematical problem-solving experiences are fraught with failed attempts, wrong turns, and partial successes that move in fits and jerks, oscillating between periods of inactivity, stalled progress, rapid advancement, and epiphanies. Students’ problem-solving journals, however, do not always reflect this rather organic process. Without proper guidance, some students tend to ‘smooth’ out their experiences and produce journal writing that is less reflective of the process and more representative of their product. In this article, I present research on the effectiveness of a persona-based framework for guiding students’ journaling to reflect the erratic to-and-fro of the problem-solving process more accurately. This framework incorporates the use of three personas—the narrator, the mathematician, and the participant—in telling the tale of the problem-solving process. Results indicate that this persona-based framework is effective in producing more representative journals.     

改进蚁群算法的动态K-均值聚类分析

提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的动态K-均值聚类算法思想,该算法首先利用蚁群算法的较强处理局部极值的能力,动态地确定了聚类数目和中心,然后利用蚁群聚类得到的结果,再进行K-均值聚类弥补蚁群算法的不足。两者有机结合起来可以寻求到具有全局分布特性的最优聚类,实现了基于改进的蚁群聚类算法分析。     

基于关联规则的数据挖掘技术在高校教学评价中的应用

目前很多高校对教师教学质量的评价主要是给出一个结论,而对影响教学质量的因素没有进行分析。本文将基于关联规则的数据挖掘技术应用在教学评价中,对挖掘结果进行分析,并提出了指导意见。     

The effects of informational complexity and working memory on problem-solving efficiency

This study investigated the influence of informational complexity and working memory capacity on problem-solving efficiency. We examined two predictions of thesituational efficiency hypothesis, which states that the efficiency of problem solving varies as a function of situational constraints. One prediction is that informational complexity affects problem-solving efficiency. A second prediction is that working memory capacity affects problem-solving efficiency. Students completed a working memory task and solved abstract and concrete syllogisms. Participants solved abstract syllogisms more accurately than concrete syllogisms and spent more time solving abstract syllogisms. Thus participants demonstrated greater problem-solving efficiency when solving concrete syllogisms. Results indicate that there is a trade-off between problem-solving accuracy and problem-solving time when information differs with respect to informational complexity, a phenomenon we refer to as theefficiency paradox. Working memory capacity did not affect accuracy or efficiency. The results support the conclusion that problem-solving efficiency is situational and a function of the complexity of information. Educational implications and directions for future research are suggested.     

一种基于聚类与关联规则算法的DDoS攻击检测模型

分布式拒绝服务（Distribute Denial of Service）攻击是当前主要的网络安全威胁之一．本文分析了DDoS攻击的本质特征,提出了一种基于数据挖掘算法的DDoS攻击检测模型．该模型使用聚类算法与关联规则对网络流量与网络数据包连接状态分别建立特征模型,并确定DDoS攻击的检测阈值．实验表明,该检测模型能够实时有效的检测DDoS攻击．     

问题解决模式与场依存性认知方式的相关研究

以往关于问题解决模式的研究并没有揭示出不同个体解决同一问题时认知行为的内部差异及其与场依存性认知方式的相关性.提出盲目式、产生式、范畴式三种认知模式,综合运用认知作业分析法、心理测验法、个案访谈法来揭示不同个体在同一问题解决中认知模式的差异及与场依存性认知方式的相关性.结果发现各种问题解决认知模式的个案数具有非常显著性的差异;认知模式的总体分布没有表现出性别上的显著差异;认知模式与场依存性认知方式显著相关.因此可得出结论:不同个体解决同一问题时认知行为存在显著的内部差异;认知模式与场依存性认知方式具有显著相关性;认知模式的总体分布在性别上的差异不显著.     

数字图书馆中的检索结果聚类和关联推荐研究

探讨如何在数字图书馆的文献检索平台中集成实现检索结果聚类、相关文献的关联推荐、相关作者和研究机构的关联推荐以及相关词语的关联推荐,由此帮助用户全面提高查准率和查全率,并且对聚类和推荐结果采用图形进行可视化展示,进一步提高用户的使用满意度。     

水上交通加权安全评价中权重向量的异常分析

为提高指标权重在水上交通安全评价中的准确性,提出一种基于DBSCAN算法的权重向量异常分析方法.该方法选取加权评价法为研究对象,以DBSCAN算法为检测方法,对水上交通加权安全评价中的权重向量进行异常分析.实例表明,在130组数据中,异常权重向量共3组.从数据分布情况看,异常向量与正常向量有比较明显的差异,说明此方法能有效识别异常向量,是可行的.该方法对权重向量集进行分析后,可防止异常权重向量的干扰,提高评价结果的质量.     

电大生《经济数学基础》课程学习困难的成因分析

本文对电大生《经济数学基础》课程学习困难的成因进行了分析,并对教师在该课程教学中要注意的问题提出了几点建议。