高自考助学教育创新模式的实践探索

新形势要求自考助学在制度层面上不断完善,北京城市学院教育培训中心从完善助学制度出发,近年来对自考助学教育模式的创新进行了实践与探索.     

Do habitual foot-strike patterns in running influence functional Achilles tendon properties during gait?

ABSTRACT

The capacity of foot-strike running patterns to influence the functional properties of the Achilles tendon is controversial. This study used transmission-mode ultrasound to investigate the influence of habitual running foot-strike pattern on Achilles tendon properties during barefoot walking and running. Fifteen runners with rearfoot (RFS) and 10 with a forefoot (FFS) foot-strike running pattern had ultrasound transmission velocity measured in the right Achilles tendon during barefoot walking (≈1.1 ms^?1) and running (≈2.0 ms^?1). Temporospatial gait parameters, ankle kinematics and vertical ground reaction force were simultaneously recorded. Statistical comparisons between foot-strike patterns were made using repeated measure ANOVAs. FFS was characterised by a significantly shorter stance duration (?4%), greater ankle dorsiflexion (+2°), and higher peak vertical ground reaction force (+20% bodyweight) than RFS running (P < .05). Both groups adopted a RFS pattern during walking, with only the relative timing of peak dorsiflexion (3%), ground reaction force (1–2%) and peak vertical force loading rates (22–23%) differing between groups (P < .05). Peak ultrasound transmission velocity in the Achilles tendon was significantly higher in FFS during walking (≈100 ms^?1) and running (≈130 ms^?1) than RFS (P < .05). Functional Achilles tendon properties differ with habitual footfall patterns in recreational runners.     

高校校园声环境分析与控制

我国高校校园声环境建设面临困难。本文在阐述高校校园声环境现状的基础上,进一步分析了校园声环境建设面临的问题和形势,并提出了高校校园环境噪音控制和声环境建设的方法。     

从文化视角看《中原音韵》的基础音系

本文将从三个方面论证《中原音韵》的基础音系为元大都（今北京）音系：1.北京语音历史传承;2.北京的历史地位;3.北曲的创作和发展。     

演讲语篇象似修辞研究

语言的象似性指语言的表达形式与其所表迭的内容之间具有一致性的关系.语言的这种象似性不仅存在于日常生活的语言使用当中,在文学作品和包括演讲词在内的各种体裁的语篇中也被大量使用.作为一种修辞手段,象似性广泛存在于演讲词的音系、词素、句法结构和语篇中.本文尝试从认知的角度,以象似性为理论基础对演讲语言进行研究.     

Statistical Evaluation and Regression Analysis of Vehicle Sound Quality

A statistical approach to evaluate the subjective perception of the annoyance caused by the vehicle noise was presented in this paper. After recording the noises of Sanfeng, Huali and Xiali at speeds of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 km/h respectively, the annoyance of the vehicle noises was evaluated in the testing room using paired comparison method, and the sound quality metrics and subjective annoyance were then distilled. Loudness, sharpness, roughness, periodicity and impulsiveness were selected for each of the vehicle noises. By correlation analysis method, it can be found that loudness has a higher correlation (0.91) with annoyance than other parameters. Meanwhile, sharpness, periodicity, roughness and impulsiveness have correlation with subjective perception with correlation coefficients being 0.84,-0.82, 0.62 and 0.87, respectively. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that calculated annoyance obtained by the regression equation can explain the perceptual annoyance and the regressed evaluation model is feasible to evaluate the sound quality of vehicle.     

英语报刊文章中的数量象似性原则

文章用认知语言学象似性理论来总结并解释英语报刊文章中的一些文体特征,挖掘其形式与意义之间的理据。数量象似性原则是象似性理论的一条主要原则,在英语报刊文章中的应用很普遍。新闻作者往往通过遵循或违反该原则来达到特定的文体效果。运用该原则可大大加深对英语报刊文章的理解,从而促进英语报刊选读课的教学。     

中古齿音开合口在现代的演变

开口呼与合口呼是描写汉语韵部发音状况的一组对称系统,是语音性质的重要区别特征。语音系统的发展演变会在开合口变化中得到相应体现,因而分析开合的变化过程有助于揭示语音发展规律。从齿音的角度探讨中古到现代语音系统所发生的开合变化,可以从一个侧面来揭示语音演变的情况。     

时间顺序和认知模式顺序的象似性研究

语言结构反映认知结构。语言结构的顺序映照人们的思维顺序。语言结构的排列顺序反映人们实际经验的顺序,即人们感知世界的顺序。句法结构及语篇结构顺序反映时间顺序及焦点—背景顺序、无标记—有标记顺序、突显顺序、对称结构及整体—部分顺序等认知模式顺序。象似性原则在很大程度上支配着语言结构。语言结构的象似性为我们研究语言与认知及语言与思维的关系,提供了新的方法和新的视角。由于受到诸如语法化原则、韵律原则、省力原则或经济原则及语用原则等因素的制约,语言的象似性程度会有所减弱。语言正是在象似性与任意性的互动中发展变化的。     

古音研究中的“以义正音”

"以义正音"是乾嘉时代学术领袖戴震提出的重要主张。其主要内涵是,根据字词的意义和规律性的意义关系,可以确定它们的古音地位,以及古音之间的关系,进而发现古音演变的轨迹。清代小学的最重要理论和方法,在于音义互求。以义正音与因声求义二者,是音义互求中不可分割的两个方面。清代以后,因声求义的理论和方法得到很好的总结和继承,而以义正音,因为要以对词义和意义关系的认识为起点去推证古音,有更大的难度,所以还没有得到总结。清代小学形音义互求的学术大背景以及戴震本人的古音学旨趣和治学特点等,是以义正音提出的学术条件。以义正音的语言学基本原理是音义结合具有内在关系,这种方法具有严密的论证逻辑。戴震和他的大弟子、著名学者段玉裁的音义互求的实践,包含着以义正音的理论和方法,他们的古音学结论,从以义正音的角度可以得到更好的理解。以义正音的理论的方法,对现代古音研究也有重要的作用。