Attitudes Toward Spanish and Code-Switching in Belize: Stigmatization and Innovation in the Spanish Classroom

Through the analysis of survey and interview data, we investigated the attitudes and perceptions of 32 multilingual teachers of Spanish in Belize, a code-switching (CS) context where Spanish is in intense contact with English and Belizean Kriol. More specifically, we examined teachers’ and students’ attitudes toward Spanish and CS and teachers’ perceptions vis-à-vis students’ attitudes toward Spanish instruction. The study revealed that whereas some teachers held negative views of Northern Belizean Spanish, they did not markedly perceive standard Spanish as “better” than the local variety of Belizean Spanish. The analysis also showed that most teachers had a positive predisposition to the use of CS as a pedagogical tool in their classrooms, a finding that suggests that ultra-normative attitudes toward Spanish varieties are not prevalent among these educators. In view of students’ attitudes, teachers concurred that students had overwhelmingly negative attitudes toward standard Spanish, in line with previous findings. We argue that educational reforms and status-planning efforts are vital to destigmatize Spanish and to promote its maintenance alongside Belizean Kriol and English.     

Stancetaking and Language Ideologies in Heritage Language Learner Classroom Discourse

Drawing on linguistic anthropological notions of language ideologies and sociolinguistic approaches to stance, this study examines the meaning-making resources through which Spanish heritage language (HL) learners orient toward ideological perspectives on language value and linguistic expertise in classroom interaction. Part of a larger ethnographic study, data in the present study include about 26 hours of audio and video recordings from three different intermediate Spanish HL classrooms and filmed interviews with the students. The analysis indicates that discourses of legitimacy and expertise are embodied within multiple levels of classroom interaction, including affective stancetaking, expert/novice positioning, and the reframing of both ascribed social positions and previous discourse. Results suggest that the role of language ideologies in HL learning can be better understood through an examination of stancetaking in interaction and that the construction of different kinds of expertise should be an important consideration in the development of HL instructional practices.     

Motivation and Second Language Learning

Motivation, which is one of the individual differences, contributes a lot to the success and failure in second language learning. This essay focus on the discussion of the definition, types, effect and implications of motivation in second language learning with the aim of promoting learners＇ learning proficiency.     

SGML、HTML与XML的比较

本文分别介绍3种标记语言：标准通用标记语言(SGML)、超文本标记语言和可扩展标记语言(XML)，并对其作简单的比较。     

Ethical issues of online communication research

The paper addresses severalethical issues in online communication researchin light of digital ontology as well as theepistemological questions raised by theblurring boundary between fact and theory inthis field. The concept of ontology is used ina Heideggerian sense as related to the humancapacity of world construction on the basis ofthe givenness of our being-in-the-world.Ethical dilemmas of Internet research thusarise from the tension between bodily existenceand the proper object of research, i.e., onlineexistence. The following issues are beingconsidered: online identity, online language,online consent and confidentiality. We alsoargue that research ethics in the US followsthe utilitarian tradition, while Europeanresearchers are deontologically oriented. Aguideline of best practice in online researchethics is proposed.     

《中图法》第四版R大类变动分析

本文分析《中图法》第四版R大类的变动情况，提出了对R大类变动的建议。     

How open is open enough?: Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies

Computer platforms provide an integrated architecture of hardware and software standards as a basis for developing complementary assets. The most successful platforms were owned by proprietary sponsors that controlled platform evolution and appropriated associated rewards.Responding to the Internet and open source systems, three traditional vendors of proprietary platforms experimented with hybrid strategies which attempted to combine the advantages of open source software while retaining control and differentiation. Such hybrid standards strategies reflect the competing imperatives for adoption and appropriability, and suggest the conditions under which such strategies may be preferable to either the purely open or purely proprietary alternatives.     

利用开源软件FreeRADIUS构建图书馆统一认证平台的研究与实现

[目的/意义] 解决图书馆众多的信息系统使用不同的认证方式给读者和馆员造成困惑和烦恼的问题,构建图书馆统一认证平台达到读者使用不同信息系统认证方式的一致性。[方法/过程] 基于汇文图书馆自动化系统中的读者信息,利用开源软件FreeRADIUS构建图书馆统一的认证平台,以大连理工大学图书馆认证平台的实施方案为例,阐述系统的技术支撑原理、设计思路及具体实现方法。[结果/结论] 通过具体实践证明,基于FreeRADIUS的统一认证方案能够满足图书馆集成各信息系统的认证需求,提高信息系统的安全性和读者使用的方便性。     

高效语文课堂教学语言的特点探析--以肖培东课例《美丽的颜色》为例

教学语言是教学活动中的重要媒介,准确、艺术的教学语言能更好地传递信息,为学生搭建学习的桥梁。教师的课堂教学语言在一定程度上决定了课堂教学效率,课堂教学语言关乎学生知识的习得和能力的培养。高效的语文课堂中,教师的教学语言应该是简明扼要、富有启发性和引导性的,能有效帮助学生快速进入学习状态,引导学生循序渐进地深入探究,启发学生展开多元思考,发展多种语文能力。     

Dependency structure language model for topic detection and tracking

In this paper, we propose a new language model, namely, a dependency structure language model, for topic detection and tracking (TDT) to compensate for weakness of unigram and bigram language models. The dependency structure language model is based on the Chow expansion theory and the dependency parse tree generated by a linguistic parser. So, long-distance dependencies can be naturally captured by the dependency structure language model. We carried out extensive experiments to verify the proposed model on topic tracking and link detection in TDT. In both cases, the dependency structure language models perform better than strong baseline approaches.