丛枝菌根真菌AMF群落物种多样性研究技术进展

作为一类具有重要生态学意义的微生物类群，丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF）的研究很早就引起人们的重视。但是，传统的研究方法不但耗时，费力，精确度低，而且难以大批量地对不同群落进行比较研究。近年来，基于PCR的分子标记技术的应用彻底改变了这一状况。本文综述了多种AMF群落及物种多样性的研究方法，并对传统方法和分子标记技术的优缺点做了比较，着重介绍了分子标记在这一领域的最新应用成果，对该方法存在的问题和应用前景做了总结和展望。     

长期运动训练对青年男性淋巴细胞凋亡及线粒体DNA修复酶的影响

目的探究长期运动训练对青年男性淋巴细胞凋亡及线粒体DNA(mtDNA)修复酶(8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖基化酶,OGG1)的影响及可能机制。方法训练组为20名男子足球专业运动员,对照组为20名男子大学生。2组均在功率自行车上完成递增负荷力竭运动。运动前和运动后即刻采集静脉血。流式细胞法检测淋巴细胞凋亡率,比色法检测超氧阴离子和羟自由基含量和Caspase-3,Caspase-9活性,高效液相色谱法检测mtDNA中8-氧鸟嘌呤(8-oxodG)含量,Western-blotting法检测线粒体OGG1蛋白(mtOGG1)表达水平。结果运动前和运动后,训练组与对照组比较,超氧阴离子、羟自由基、Caspase-3,Caspase-9活性、8-oxodG降低,OGG1升高;运动后,训练组与对照组比较,淋巴细胞凋亡率降低。对照组和训练组在运动后与运动前比较,淋巴细胞凋亡率、超氧阴离子、羟自由基、Caspase-3,Caspase-9活性和8-oxodG均升高,但训练组升高幅度低于对照组;运动后对照组OGG1降低,而训练组OGG1升高。结论一次性力竭运动诱导产生高水平ROS,并抑制mtOGG1表达,使mtDNA氧化损伤,促进淋巴细胞凋亡;长期耐力训练可通过抑制ROS生成,并提高mtOGG1表达,抑制运动性淋巴细胞凋亡。     

内江市城区彩叶植物种类及应用调查

通过对内江市区的彩叶植物进行调查,共收集到彩叶植物65种,隶属于41科,63属,其中乔木22种,灌木20种,草本20种,藤本3种;分析了内江市园林中的彩叶植物的应用现状,并提出问题和建议.     

Sorption of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from phytoremediation plants

The study on biochar derived from plant biomass for environmental applications is attracting more and more attention. Twelve sets of biochar were obtained by treating four phytoremediation plants, Salix rosthornii Seemen, Thalia dealbata, Vetiveria zizanioides, and Phragmites sp., sequentially through pyrolysis at 500 °C in a N2 environment, and under different temperatures(500, 600, and 700 °C) in a CO2 environment. The cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of biochar varied with both plant species and pyrolysis temperature. The magnesium(Mg) content of biochar derived from T. dealbata(TC) was obviously higher than that of the other plant biochars. This biochar also had the highest sorption capacity for phosphate and ammonium. In terms of biomass yields, adsorption capacity, and energy cost, T. dealbata biochar produced at 600 °C(TC600) is the most promising sorbent for removing contaminants(N and P) from aqueous solution. Therefore, T. dealbata appears to be the best candidate for phytoremediation application as its biomass can make a good biochar for environmental cleaning.     

Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., a novel Leptotrichia species with the oral cavity as its natural reservoir

A straight, non-sporulating, Gram-variable bacillus (HKU24T) was recovered from the blood culture of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma. After repeated subculturing in BACTEC Plus Anaerobic/F blood culture broth, HKU24T grew on brucella agar as non-hemolytic, pinpoint colonies after 96 h of incubation at 37 °C in an anaerobic environment and aerobic environment with 5% CO2. Growth was enhanced with a streak of Staphylococcus aureus. HKU24T was non-motile and catalase-negative, but positive for alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and α-glucosidase. It hydrolyzed phenylphosphonate and reduced resazurin. 16S rRNA, groEL, gyrB, recA, and rpoB sequencing showed that HKU24T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position among the Leptotrichia species, being most closely related to Leptotrichia trevisanii. Using HKU24T groEL, gyrB, recA, and rpoB gene-specific primers, fragments of these genes were amplified from one of 20 oral specimens. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose a new species, Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., to describe this bacterium.     

《西藏植物志》新增补(2)

The present paper is the Supplement 2 to the Flora of Xizang,  based upon a collection in 1980 by Mr. W. L. Chen et al. from Mêdog,  the south-eastern part of Xizang.  In the paper 11 new species are desribed and 10 new-record species are repor- ted.  All the type specimens are kept in the Herbarium of the Institure of Botany, Academia Sinica (PE).     

中国西藏盾球蛛属2新种记述(蜘蛛目:光盔蛛科)

记述了采于西藏的光盔蛛科盾球蛛属2新种:察隅盾球蛛Orthobula chayuensis sp.nov.和斑盾球蛛Orthobula puncta sp.nov..     

缙云山退化生态系统恢复过程中种间联结 --马尾松前期林种间关联度研究

基于 2× 2联列表 ,应用方差分析 ,X2 统计检验 ,Ochiai指数 ,Dice指数和Jaccard等系列技术 ,分别对重庆缙云山退化生态系统马尾松林前期中的 10个优势种群间的总体相关性 ,各种对间联结显著性和关联强度进行了定量的测定、研究。结果表明 :多数种对间的联结性不显著 ,总体上趋于独立分布 ,显示出林地的年轻性和不成熟性 ,与前期林地的特点相吻合。     

The wood of “C” and “F” Roman ships found in the ancient harbour of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy): the utilisation of different timbers and the probable geographical area which supplied them

During the excavation of the Etruscan and Roman harbour of Pisa, several shipwrecks were found. The wooden timbers constituting the ship C and ship F (which date back to the first and the second century A.D., respectively, as attested by archaeological findings) were selected in order to collect information about the technological knowledge of the time. Pinus pinaster Aiton was essentially utilised for the planking of ship C and Quercus sp. caducifolia for that of ship F. The choice of timber for the other parts of ship C hull was much more differentiated. Ship C seems to be built in a careful way and its characteristics when added to its overall lightness, seem to reflect its use as a higher capacity boat built for sea sailing. Ship F seems more linked to short voyages in inner fresh waters. The utilisation of different woods was linked not only to the technological characteristics of wood, but also to their easy availability. Palynological analysis, carried out on the clay sediments embedding the shipwrecks, has shown that the flora of Pisa area in that time period would have allowed the acquisition of all the timber species used for both the ships’ construction, with the exception of the fig wood. However, a foreign origin of the timber from somewhere else in the Northern Mediterranean area has not been excluded.     

Diversity analysis of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Yellow River source area: I

Twenty-four soil samples of eight ecosystem-types around the Yellow River source area were investigated for the number and specific composition of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes by dilution plate technique. And then the co-relationship between genus species of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes and ecosystem-types was analyzed. The results show that the amount and species distribution of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes had an obvious variability in different ecosystem-types, and that the dominant genus species varied in the eight ecosystem-types studied, with Cladosporium being the dominant genus in seven of the eight ecosystem-types except wetland. The index of species diversity varied in different ecosystem-types. The niche breadth analysis showed that Cladosporium had the highest niche breadth and distributed in all ecosystem-types, while the genera with a narrow niche breadth distributed only in a few ecosystem-types. The results of niche overlap index analysis indicated that Stachybotrys and Torula, Doratomyces and Scolecobasidium, Cladosporium and Chrysosporium had a higher niche overlap, whereas Arthrinium and Gliomastix, Phialophora and Doratomyces, Oidiodendron and Ulocladium had no niche overlap.