繁荣社会主义文化中的慈善文化问题研究

发展慈善文化有助于弘扬民族精神,增强国家文化软实力,提高全民族思想道德素质,促进教育事业发展。当前,我国慈善事业恢复时间不长,尚未建构起中国特色的慈善文化体系,加上受尊重劳动观念的影响等因素阻碍着慈善文化的发展。在繁荣社会主义文化背景下发展慈善文化,必须建构中国特色社会主义慈善文化,加强法治,多种力量各负其责、合力推进慈善文化的宣传教育。     

民事证明责任倒置研究

证明责任倒置制度在法律实务中应用颇为广泛,但是由于审判人员理解的偏差致使这一制度在实际审判过程中并未获得预期的效果。证明责任倒置设立的初衷是为保护处于弱势地位诉讼一方的当事人,必须以法律明文规定为前提,法官不得肆意改变证明责任。根据法律要件分类说,只有改变一般证明责任分配规则的法律规定才属于证明责任倒置,我国现行法律规定下仅仅存在于因医疗行为引起的侵权诉讼、因环境污染引起的损害赔偿诉讼、因产品制造方法发明专利引起的专利侵权诉讼这三种情况,《证据规定》中其他五种特别责任的规定不属于证明责任倒置。为完善证明责任倒置制度的缺陷和不足,应该保证证明责任倒置的法定化,减少法官自由裁量权,同时必须完善立法,明确适用规则。     

吸附烟草特有亚硝胺的分子筛新材料

烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA）属于强致癌物,是吸烟导致癌症的重要因素．如何在成分复杂的环境烟气里吸附亚硝胺成为环境保护的难题．文章综述了近年来的研究进展,剖析了分子筛形貌对TSNA吸附的影响,讨论了液相吸附TSNA的新材料,并展望特定分子筛新材料的发展方向．     

学科专用平台在课件制作课程中的应用——以《仿真物理实验室》为例

课件制作平台根据适用范围可分为通用平台和专用平台两种。高校开设的学科课件制作课程大多使用通用平台,存在难学难用等缺点,而学科专用平台则具有诸多优势。笔者在物理课件制作课程中引进专用平台《仿真物理实验室》,将初中物理教材知识点配套课件的制作作为课程的教学内容,以任务驱动的方式进行了教学尝试,取得了很好的教学效果。     

国际经济与贸易专业课程整合与开发方案

由于受到传统教育教学模式影响,国际经济与贸易专业课程存在着诸如知识点重复交叉、课程内容实用性不强、重点内容不突出、课程体系与岗位结合度较差等一系列问题,而且也不利于人才培养模式改革;因此,有必要结合人才培养模式改革,来探究国际经济与贸易专业课程整合与开发方案。     

大学生数字化阅读倾向的调查分析与对策研究

以数字化阅读的涵义与特征为出发点,深入调查分析了大学生数字化阅读的现状与倾向,指出了大学生数字化阅读倾向的形成原因及突出问题,进而提出了提高大学生数字化阅读质量的策略方法。     

Local education authorities’ approaches to provision for children with specific speech and language difficulties in England and Wales

Children with specific speech and language difficulties (SSLD) pose a challenge to the education system as a result of their language needs and associated educational and social‐behavioural difficulties. Local education authorities (LEAs) in England and Wales have developed language units to meet their needs but previous research has indicated this provision was inadequate. The development of inclusion raises questions regarding this type of provision, compared with full inclusion into mainstream schools. The present study reports on a national survey of LEAs in England and Wales (97 respondents, 49.5% response rate) and interviews with 37 LEA special educational needs managers. Provision varied by age group with designated specialist provision more prevalent at key stages 1 and 2 (age 5–11 years), and relatively little at key stages 3 and 4 (11–16). LEAs’ decision‐making regarding provision varied, influenced by the lack of common criteria, which was highlighted by the difficulties in distinguishing children with SSLD from those with autistic spectrum disorder. There were also difficulties translating policies into practice, including the shortage of speech and language therapists. The implications of the study are discussed with reference to inclusion.     

Attribution‐based strategies for initiating and terminating friendships

Research in attribution theory has almost exclusively focused on the perception process to the neglect of studying how communicators incorporate attribution‐based information in their message behavior. This study derived a typology of attribution‐based strategies from Kelley's attribution cube and Jones' ingratiation tactics to assess respondent strategies for initiating and for terminating same‐sex friendships. Respondents were 191 persons drawn from fifth grade, high school, college, and post‐college groups. Results of the study included: 1) distinctiveness information was disproportionately employed in the strategy repertoires to the neglect of consistency‐based and consensus‐based information; 2) respondents had greater variety in types of strategies for their initiation repertoires as opposed to their termination repertoires; 3) repertoire variety for both initiation and termination increased from childhood through adolescence.     

A new approach to an old problem

Applying theories of cognition and affect that predict emotional responses to a stimulus on the basis of prior affect toward specific cues included in that stimulus, a study was conducted assessing individuals' fear and enjoyment reactions to horror films. Prior fear of specific cues included in each film was a significant predictor of overall fear reactions, after controlling for prior exposure to the film, fear of specific cues not included in the film, and manifest anxiety. Prior liking of specific cues included in each film did not emerge as a significant predictor of overall enjoyment. The contributions of gender and of level of forewarning about the film's content were also assessed.