言语交际冲突案后的个体认知心理探析

本文以电视剧《小麦进城》中两个言语交际冲突片段为例,阐述了言语交际冲突与个体认知心理密切相关。每个言语交际冲突案例都是个体产生认知失调,然后为消除认知失调选择不同策略的结果。     

从批评性话语分析的角度解读米歇尔·奥巴马在2012民主党代表大会上的演讲

批评性话语分析的目的主要地是通过分析话语文本来揭示话语,意识形态和权势之间的关系。本文首先介绍批评性话语分析的相关知识,然后运用批评性话语分析方法,主要地从词汇选择,人称代词,情态和语篇等四个方面来分析米歇尔·奥巴马在2012民主党全国代表大会上的演讲,探讨她是如何构建语言来为助阵奥巴马的总统竞选。     

基于汉英词性组合的短语级平行语料类别知识挖掘研究

基于通过具体实验确定的Bisecting K-means聚类和Lemmatization形态变换算法,在汉英短语级人文社会科学平行语料基础上,尝试进行类别知识挖掘的实验。在中文社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)的类别和标题知识基础上,完成对汉英语料的预处理,并分析名词、动词和形容词的分布状况。在名词、动词和形容词等词性的组合基础上,对比不同词性组合的效果并确定最优的词性组合类别知识挖掘模型。     

Making Sense of an Academic Library Web Site: Toward a More Usable Interface for University Researchers

ABSTRACT

Library patrons familiar with Web searching conventions often find library searching to be less familiar and even intimidating. This article describes and evaluates a series of usability research studies employing two different and popular methodologies: user-centered redesign and usability testing. Card sorting and affinity mapping were used to conceptualize how information should be classified and presented on the library's main page. Usability scenarios and think-aloud protocols were used to explore how students, especially those new to the campus, conceptualize the information-seeking process and how they go about conducting a search. Participants included library employees, university faculty, staff, and students. These methods can be replicated by any library, large or small, and demonstrate that even small-scale usability evaluations can improve patrons' understanding of and access to library resources.     

固体火箭发动机粘接界面湿热老化实验

对固体火箭发动机粘接界面试验件进行了不同湿热条件下的加速老化试验,并测量了不同老化时间粘接界面的扯离强度,描述了湿热老化试验和性能测试中的试验现象,结合复合材料微粘接结构吸湿规律对试验现象和撤离强度随老化时间变化曲线进行了分析。研究结果表明:衬层-推进剂粘接界面是固体火箭发动机粘接结构中最薄弱环节,应予以重点考虑;湿热老化促进了环境水分从衬层–推进剂界面向推进剂内部的扩散和渗透,致使弱边界层向推进剂内部扩展,导致了衬层-推进剂界面粘接强度的降低。试验件平均扯离强度随老化时间呈下降趋势,中间有一个强度趋于稳定的平台期。      

释意理论视角下的口译预测机制——以拜登四川大学讲话为例

预测能力是口译过程中的一个重要能力。释意理论认为:口译是一种交际行为,口译的对象不是语言,而是借助语言传达的意义。意义传达的成功与否并不仅仅取决于听辨能力,也取决于听音之前与听音过程中的预测能力。以释意理论为视角,以美国副总统拜登四川大学讲话为切入点,分析了预测机制的重要性:听音前通过背景知识预测演讲大致内容,听音过程中在逻辑分析的基础上借助关键词和连词预测上下文。最后,总结出提高口译预测能力的方法策略。     

Tracking structural evolution: operando regenerative CeOx/Bi interface structure for high-performance CO2 electroreduction

Unveiling the structural evolution and working mechanism of catalysts under realistic operating conditions is crucial for the design of efficient electrocatalysts for CO₂ electroreduction, yet remains highly challenging. Here, by virtue of operando structural measurements at multiscale levels, it is identified under CO₂ electroreduction conditions that an as-prepared CeO₂/BiOCl precatalyst gradually evolves into CeO_x/Bi interface structure with enriched Ce³⁺ species, which serves as the real catalytically active phase. The derived CeO_x/Bi interface structure compared to pure Bi counterpart delivers substantially enhanced performance with a formate Faradaic efficiency approaching 90% for 24 hours in a wide potential window. The formate Faradaic efficiency can be further increased by using isotope D₂O instead of H₂O. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the regenerative CeO_x/Bi interfacial sites can not only promote water activation to increase local ^*H species for CO₂ protonation appropriately, but also stabilize the key intermediate ^*OCHO in formate pathway.     

State and local government liability for failing to use reasonably available information and technology in emergency management

Abstract

A range of interlocking liability issues has arisen in recent years in connection with state and local governmental handling of crisis situations. As such authorities strive to anticipate and cope with impending disaster, when advance action is an option, the result of their decisions often directly affects the safety of the citizenry and the degree to which property is protected. In particular, the question of government liability for failing to use available information in fulfillment of its disaster‐related responsibilities is explored.     

言语行为理论与名词式人物换称———以《红楼梦》前八十回对话句语料为例

言语行为理论是语用学的第一理论.它认为,人们说话时,同时在进行三种行为:说话行为、行事行为以及取效行为.其中,行事行为能体现说话者的意图,是最关键的行为.名词式人物换称是发话方在众多指称方式中进行选择、动态使用人物指称的过程,是一种由单个名词所体现的言语行为.从言语行为理论的角度对(红楼梦》名词式人物换称进行研讨,并利用标记性、距离性等概念对第一、第二、第三人称的名词式人物换称进行深层次的剖析.     

隐喻的劝谏性功能与英语演讲教学

隐喻能力是英语学习者语言水平达到如母语般流利所必须具备的语言能力,在英语演讲中,隐喻不仅是语言能力的体现,隐喻本身也具备很强的劝谏功能,能够潜移默化地与听众取得同一,从而达到劝说的目的.然而如何在英语演讲稿中使用隐喻的相关研究目前尚少,文章以认知语言学中的隐喻研究为理论框架,在分析隐喻的劝谏功能的基础上,以演讲稿的撰写为目标,探讨培养隐喻思维的理论依据和实践方法,从而指出建立两者关系的教学策略.