A battery of strength tests for evidence-based classification in Para swimming

This study examined the validity of isometric strength tests for evidence-based classification in Para swimming. Thirty non-disabled participants and forty-two Para swimmers with physical impairment completed an isometric strength test battery designed to explain activity limitation in the freestyle discipline. Measures pertaining to dominant and non-dominant limb strength and symmetry were derived from four strength tests that were found to be reliable in a cohort of non-disabled participants (ICC = 0.85–0.97; CV = 6.4–9.1%). Para swimmers had lower scores in strength tests compared with non-disabled participants (d = 0.14–1.00) and the strength test battery successfully classified 95% of Para swimmers with physical impairment using random forest algorithm. Most of the strength measures had low to moderate correlations (r = 0.32 to 0.53; p ≤ 0.05) with maximal freestyle swim speed in Para swimmers. Although, fewer correlations were found when Para swimmers with hypertonia or impaired muscle power were analysed independently, highlighting the impairment-specific nature of activity limitation in Para swimming. Collectively, the strength test battery has utility in Para swimming classification to infer loss of strength in Para swimmers, guide minimum eligibility criteria, and to define the impact that strength impairment has on Para swimming performance.     

太极拳云手技术对脊柱曲度影响的实证研究

摘要：目的：通过太极拳云手技术对脊柱曲度影响的实证研究,探索太极拳形态的核心技术变化规律。方法：采用实验方法对高水平太极拳组和普通组进行对比研究。结果：高水平太极拳组,在太极拳云手动作的脊柱变化是脊柱胸腰段曲度在胸椎1～7节上没有明显变化,而从第8～12胸椎,包括全部的5节腰椎,整体上都存在比较大的后凸趋势,且呈现出逐节递增的变化特征。结论：1）太极拳形的核心要素是脊柱的生理弯曲减小,由“S”型变化“C”型,形成近似“中直”的轴形。太极拳运动能够对人体脊柱的曲度和活动度起到很大的锻炼功效,有长期太极拳练习经历的人群,在对脊柱曲度变化的调节和控制能力上要明显优于短时间或无太极拳练习基础的人。2）受传统“中庸思想”影响和太极拳攻防化劲发力要求形成了太极拳形的“中直”脊柱形态变化。3）脊柱生理弯曲改变,使脊柱椎间盘受力均匀,深层肌肉得到锻炼,可以有效缓解和治疗脊柱疼痛等脊柱疾病,有助健康。4）依据研究结果提出“靠墙站桩”简易健身方法。     

稀土拌种对玉米幼苗抗盐性的影响

本文通过对玉米以不同浓度稀土溶液拌种处理,再浇以不同浓度的氯化钠溶液的试验说明在盐胁迫环境下,稀土拌种能提高玉米发芽率,促进幼苗生长,增加幼苗叶绿素含量和呼吸强度,提高玉米苗期的抗盐性.     

三通喉罩在无痛纤维支气管镜检查中的应用

目的：探讨三通喉罩在无痛纤维支气管镜检查中的安全性和可行性。方法：选择年龄65岁以下,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者,按照自愿的原则分为静脉全麻组（IA）和局麻组（LA）。局麻组术前30min肌注鲁米那100mg＋阿托品0．5mg,检查前经环甲膜穿刺注射2％利多卡因3mL做表麻。静脉全麻组静脉快速诱导后插入TLMA,插入成功后,TLMA标准端口连接麻醉机,纤支镜从直管带密封口置入进行检查、活检。记录麻醉前（T0）、纤支镜过声门即刻（T1）、纤支镜探查／活检时（T2）、术毕5min（T3）各时间点的SBP、DBP、HR和SPO2;记录检查中发生低氧事件的情况、检查时间、苏醒时间。结果：19例无痛纤支镜顺利完成,患者术中循环平稳,SPO：变化于正常范围内,无呛咳、体动、低氧等不良事件,与局麻组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,静脉全麻组患者和内镜医师满意度高。结论：TLMA应用于无痛纤支镜检查安全可靠、效果满意,能同时满足麻醉医师和内镜医师对气道的管理需要,具有临床应用价值。     

Effect of time on biomechanics during exercise on the functional re-adaptive exercise device

ABSTRACT

Mechanistic studies of the Functional Re-adaptive Exercise Device (FRED) have shown it automatically recruits Lumbar Multifidus (LM) and Transversus Abdominis (TrA) – two deep-spinal muscles that are atrophied and show altered motor control in low back pain (LBP). No studies have investigated the time required to familiarise to FRED exercise, which is required to inform future FRED based clinical trial protocols. This study therefore determined the effect of time, during FRED exercise, on biomechanical outcome measures, to establish the familiarisation period, and assess for loss of technique throughout a ten minute trial. A cohort comparison study of 148 participants, 70 experiencing low back pain, had lumbopelvic kinematics, exercise frequency and movement variability measured during a 10 minute trial. Magnitude-based inference was used to assess for familiarisation, using plots of variation over time with familiarised reference ranges. The no pain group took 170 seconds, and the back pain group took 150 seconds, to familiarise. A familiarisation period of at least 170 seconds (2.8 minutes) is recommended. This justifies, and provides a familiarisation time for use of the FRED as a motor control intervention.     

The effect of elevating the heels on spinal kinematics and kinetics during the back squat in trained and novice weight trainers

ABSTRACT

This research assessed the influence of various heel elevation conditions on spinal kinematic and kinetic data during loaded (25% and 50% of body weight) high-bar back squats. Ten novice (mass 67.6 ± 12.4 kg, height 1.73 ± 0.10 m) and ten regular weight trainers (mass 66.0 ± 10.7 kg, height 1.71 ± 0.09 m) completed eight repetitions at each load wearing conventional training shoes standing on the flat level floor (LF) and on an inclined board (EH). The regular weight training group performed an additional eight repetitions wearing weightlifting shoes (WS). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM1D) and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to assess differences in spinal curvature and kinetics across the shoe/floor conditions and loads. SPM1D analyses indicated that during the LF condition the novice weight trainers had greater moments around L4/L5 than the regular weight trainers during the last 20% of the lift (P < 0.05), with this difference becoming non-significant during the EH condition. This study indicates that from a perspective of spinal safety, it appears advantageous for novice weight trainers to perform back squats with their heels slightly elevated, while regular weight trainers appear to realize only limited benefits performing back squats with either EH or WS.     

Disruption of splicing-regulatory elements using CRISPR/Cas9 to rescue spinal muscular atrophy in human iPSCs and mice

We here report a genome-editing strategy to correct spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Rather than directly targeting the pathogenic exonic mutations, our strategy employed Cas9 and guide-sgRNA for the targeted disruption of intronic splicing-regulatory elements. We disrupted intronic splicing silencers (ISSs, including ISS-N1 and ISS + 100) of survival motor neuron (SMN) 2, a key modifier gene of SMA, to enhance exon 7 inclusion and full-length SMN expression in SMA iPSCs. Survival of splicing-corrected iPSC-derived motor neurons was rescued with SMN restoration. Furthermore, co-injection of Cas9 mRNA from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) or Cas9 from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) alongside their corresponding sgRNAs targeting ISS-N1 into zygotes rescued 56% and 100% of severe SMA transgenic mice (Smn^−/−, SMN2^tg/−). The median survival of the resulting mice was extended to >400 days. Collectively, our study provides proof-of-principle for a new strategy to therapeutically intervene in SMA and other RNA-splicing-related diseases.     

浑圆桩练习增进健康效果的实验分析及推广建议

目的：探索浑圆桩练习对人体健康的促进作用。方法：以30名大学生为研究对象，进行为期4个月的站桩练习，分别于站桩前、站桩过程中、站桩结束2个月对测试者的部分生理指标进行测量，并进行比较分析。结果：浑圆桩练习有助于人体大脑产生α波；能够有效改善颈部和腰部的生理弯曲，使之趋于正常并得以保持；能够有效增进肌肉力量、柔韧性和骨密度，但站桩结束2个月后，力量和柔韧性有所降低。结论：浑圆桩练习可有效增进人体健康。建议：应完善组织机构建设，加大宣传推广力度，做好辅导和创新工作，推动站桩健身活动的发展。     

留置导尿时机的选择对全身麻醉苏醒期躁动的影响

探讨在全麻状态下与清醒状态下行导尿术对全麻苏醒期躁动情况的影响．通过选择全麻择期手术患者120例,随机分为两组,每组60人,比较两组患者术后对导尿管刺激反应的程度．结果表明在麻醉前行导尿术,可明显减轻全麻患者苏醒期躁动,减轻患者的痛苦,是导尿的最佳时机．     

髓鞘内不同浓度甘丙肽拮抗剂对屈肌运动的相反效应

目的 :了解脊髓中不同剂量甘丙肽拮抗剂M35和M40对甘丙肽抑制屈肌运动作用的影响。方法 :电刺激小腿腹神经引起小腿屈肌收缩时 ,观察髓鞘内联合注入甘丙肽和不同浓度拮抗剂时屈肌张力的改变。结果注入0 0 1、 0 0 3及 0 1μmol/LM35时 ,0 1μmol/L甘丙肽对屈肌张力抑制率从 - 2 9 2 %改变至± 15 1%、 - 2 5 %及 -17 8% ;但 1及 3μmol/L的M35使甘丙肽抑制率分别增强至 - 5 1 9%及 - 6 5 6 %。而给于 0 0 1及 0 0 3μmol/LM40时 ,甘丙肽抑制率增至 - 5 6 7%及 - 41 6 % ,0 3、 1及 3μmol/LM40使甘丙肽抑制率分别改变为 - 6 8%、 +12 2 %及 +30 4%。结论　低浓度M35为甘丙肽拮抗剂 ,高浓度M35有甘丙肽激动剂作用 ;低浓度M40为甘丙肽激动剂 ,高浓度M40有甘丙太拮抗剂效应。脊髓神经元可能存在不同甘丙肽亚型受体。