浅谈总熵判据和自由能判据

本文在阐明总熵判据和自由能判据的引进的基础上,通过实例讨论了二种判据的应用及其关系。     

矿井火灾防治技术的发展现状及趋势

矿井火灾的防治工作主要包括三个方面：煤层自然发火危险性评价；煤层自然发火的预测预报和矿井火灾的防治技术。煤层自然发火危险性评价的目的是要在火灾发生之前对火灾发生的可能性做出科学性的评价；煤层自然发火的预测预报是在煤矿生产过程中对可能或已经发生的火灾进行监测和预测；而矿井火灾防治技术则是对即将发生或已经发生的火灾采取措施，阻止火灾的发生。     

蜂窝状蓄热式热交换器的理论计算分析

论文讨论了高温空气燃烧技术的优势,即预热空气的节能效果及低NOX生成特性;而高效热交换器是高温低氧空气燃烧技术的一个关键,论文计算了空气、烟气在其关键设备——蜂窝状蓄热式热交换器中的换热系数、阻力及总传热系数,证实了其在热能回收利用方面的优越性。     

Knowledge Integration and Displaced Volume

This study contrasted spontaneous and reflective knowledge integration instruction delivered using a computer learning environment to enhance understanding of displaced volume. Both forms of instruction provided animated experiments and required students to predict outcomes, observe results, and explain their ideas. In addition, the reflective instruction diagnosed specific inconsistencies in student reasoning and encouraged students to reflect on these dilemmas as well as to construct general principles. We distinguished the impact of instruction on students who believed scientific phenomena are governed by principles (cohesive beliefs) versus students who believed that science is a collection of unrelated facts (dissociated beliefs). Students typically held multiple models of displacement, using different explanations depending on the form of assessment. For example, we found that 17% of these middle school students made accurate predictions about displacement experiments prior to instruction and 25% could construct an accurate general principle. However, only 12% consistently used the same explanation across assessments. After instruction, students were more accurate and more consistent: over 50% accurately predicted experimental outcomes, 79% gave an accurate general principle, and about 40% gave consistent responses. We found no advantages for enhanced animations over straightforward animated experiments. The reflective integration instruction led to more substantial long-term changes in student understanding than did spontaneous integration instruction. Furthermore, on a delayed posttest we found that students with cohesive beliefs not only sustained their understanding of displaced volume, but, when exposed to reflective integration instruction, actually continued to construct more predictive views following instruction. In contrast, students with dissociated beliefs made no long-term progress independent of the form of instruction.     

一种新型摆动器自由电子激光的自发辐射谱

利用广义Bessel函数计算出了ShlomoPinhas提出的磁场与纵向坐标无关的摆动器的自发辐射谱，并对结果进行了分析。     

H2O/CO2污染对煤油燃料超声速燃烧影响数值研究

在纯净空气与H₂O/ CO₂污染空气来流对比试验结果基础上,采用数值计算方法和化学动力学方法,研究了H₂O和CO₂污染组分对煤油燃料超声速燃烧的影响,获得了试验手段难以得到的燃烧室流场参数和性能数据。完成了相应的煤油燃料超声速燃烧室二维数值计算,其中匹配了进口总温、总压、马赫数、氧气摩尔分数和工作当量油气比。将数值计算结果与相应试验测量值进行了对比分析,并结合燃烧室流场数据、性能参数分析了H₂O和CO₂污染的动力学影响、以及对燃烧室性能的影响。研究表明:(1)数值计算结果与实验测量值总体上吻合,两种手段均体现了纯净空气来流时不同煤油当量油气比的燃烧室性能,并反映了一致的“污染效应”影响趋势;(2) H₂O污染、H₂O+ CO₂污染的存在降低了煤油燃料超声速燃烧室性能,体现在燃烧诱导压升、燃烧效率、流向冲量增量的下降,而且随着污染组分含量的增加,燃烧室性能下降越加显著。      

H2O/CO2污染对煤油燃料超声速燃烧影响数值研究

在纯净空气与H₂O/ CO₂污染空气来流对比试验结果基础上,采用数值计算方法和化学动力学方法,研究了H₂O和CO₂污染组分对煤油燃料超声速燃烧的影响,获得了试验手段难以得到的燃烧室流场参数和性能数据。完成了相应的煤油燃料超声速燃烧室二维数值计算,其中匹配了进口总温、总压、马赫数、氧气摩尔分数和工作当量油气比。将数值计算结果与相应试验测量值进行了对比分析,并结合燃烧室流场数据、性能参数分析了H₂O和CO₂污染的动力学影响、以及对燃烧室性能的影响。研究表明:(1)数值计算结果与实验测量值总体上吻合,两种手段均体现了纯净空气来流时不同煤油当量油气比的燃烧室性能,并反映了一致的“污染效应”影响趋势;(2) H₂O污染、H₂O+ CO₂污染的存在降低了煤油燃料超声速燃烧室性能,体现在燃烧诱导压升、燃烧效率、流向冲量增量的下降,而且随着污染组分含量的增加,燃烧室性能下降越加显著。      

Critical Thinking as a Normative Practice in Life: A Wittgensteinian Groundwork

On the point that, in practices of critical thinking, we respond spontaneously in concrete situations, this paper presents an account on behalf of Wittgenstein. I argue that the ‘seeing‐things‐aright’ model of Luntley's Wittgenstein is not adequate, since it pays insufficient attention to radically new circumstances, in which the content of norms is updated. While endorsing Bailin's emphasis on criteria of critical thinking, Wittgenstein would agree with Papastephanou and Angeli's demand to look behind criteriology. He maintains the primacy of the practical, and yet contends that a reasonable person lets rules of rationality compel her. These rules are not mere heuristics. I further examine Burbules' conception of communicative reason, and, among others, his interpretation of Wittgenstein's sign‐post example.     

含能配合物[Ni3(3-atrz)6(H2O)6][Ni(pda)2]3·12H2O的合成、结构及其对推进剂主要组份热分解行为的影响

制备了含能配合物[Ni3(3-atrz)6(H2O)6][Ni(pda)2]3·12H2O(1)(3-atrz=3-氨-1,2,4-三唑,pda=吡啶-2,6-二甲酸),利用化学分析、元素分析、X-射线单晶衍射、红外光谱以及热重分析等手段对化合物进行了表征.结构分析表明,配合物(1)属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,配合物的分子结构中存在两种不同类型的中性结构单元:[Ni3(3-atrz)6(H2O)6]和[Ni(pda)2],其中配体3-atrz-采取μ-N1,N2配位模式,配体pda2-采用三齿螯合配位模式.借助DSC实验技术研究了配合物对推进剂主要组份黑索金(RDX)、奥克托金(HMX)、吸收药(NC/NG)和高氯酸铵(AP)热分解行为的影响.     

量子纠缠态制备、操纵的实验研究

量子纠缠是量子信息学中最重要也是最为奇特的一个课题.在量子信息学中,量子信息的处理离不开量子态及其操纵,而量子纠缠态毫无疑问是各种各样的量子态中最重要的一种. 利用光子纠缠态开展了以下实验研究:(1)利用连续波激光束泵浦非线性晶体的自发参量下转换过程,制备出了双光子偏振纠缠态,具有较高亮度和纠缠度,并具有纠缠度可调谐的特点. 利用这种纠缠源,制备了量子信息学中一种重要的混合态——Werner态,采用的方案使得Werner态中纠缠的成分是可控制的.(2)利用线性光学元件以及路径比特概念的引入,在实验上用单光子实现了Buek-Hillery普适克隆机,实验结果表明,对任意的输入纯态,此克隆机输出的2份拷贝与初始态均达到5/6的保真度,与理论计算一致.(3)在实验上利用自发参量下转换系统制备的双光子偏振最大纠缠态及非最大纠缠态进行了CHSH不等式的检验,验证了对于2比特纠缠纯态,"纠缠"等价于"Bell不等式违背"这一结论.(4)除了局域隐变量理论之外,还有一种主要的隐变量理论——环境无关的隐变量理论(NCHV),关于这种隐变量,类似于Bell不等式,有一个Kochen-Specker理论,其主要内容是证明NCHV和量子力学的矛盾. 完成了一个用单光子实现的检验Kochen-Spcker理论的实验,实验结果证明了NCHV是不存在的.