Effects of load on ground reaction force and lower limb kinematics during concentric squats

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of external load on vertical ground reaction force, and linear and angular kinematics, during squats. Eight males aged 22.1?±?0.8 years performed maximal concentric squats using loads ranging from 7 to 70% of one-repetition maximum on a force plate while linear barbell velocity and the angular kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle were recorded. Maximum, average and angle-specific values were recorded. The ground reaction force ranged from 1.67?±?0.20 to 3.21?±?0.29 times body weight and increased significantly as external load increased (P?<?0.05). Bar linear velocity ranged from 0.54?±?0.11 to 2.50?±?0.50?m?·?s^?1 and decreased significantly with increasing external load (P?<?0.05). Hip, knee and ankle angles at maximum ground reaction force were affected by external load (P?<?0.05). The force?–?barbell velocity curves were fitted using linear models with coefficients (r ²) ranging from 0.59 to 0.96. The results suggest that maximal force exertion during squat exercises is not achieved at the same position of the lower body as external load is increased. In contrast, joint velocity coordination does not change as load is increased. The force?–?velocity relationship was linear and independent from the set of data used for its determination.     

三轴加速度传感器系统在运动技术分析领域的研究与应用

为满足在运动训练过程中的人体三维空间技术特征研究的需要,开发一套三轴向加速度传感器系统.该系统由下位机和上位机两部分组成,其中下位机部分由加速度传感器、传感器拾取单元、数据处理单元、电源监测与保护单元和无线传输单元组成,上位机部分由数据采集和分析软件组成.该系统具有四通道同步采集功能,结合同步视频,可对运动员的肢体关节、比赛训练器械等技术组成要素进行运动学和动力学参数进行实时采集与分析.以体育训练中常用的杠铃深蹲训练为实验性应用领域,对速滑和举重两种项目的杠铃深蹲训练进行技术分析,通过对三轴加速度传感器采集数据的分析,找出不同项目间杠铃深蹲动作技术的特征与差异,为今后深入开展加速度传感器系统的开发与相关应用提供研究基础.     

负荷时间长短对纵跳能力影响的运动学研究

对不同运动负荷时间后纵跳的运动学特征变化规律进行了研究。研究表明：大强度持续运动约3分钟左右，纵跳的跳起高度、起跳速度等运动学指标显著上升，蹬伸时间及到达最大力值的时间缩短；运动5分钟后，上述指标的变化情况正好相反；只有在适宜的运动负荷时间后，纵跳的运动学特征才进行有利于运动能力发挥的较好的组合状态。     

交变负荷训练对女子举重后蹲力量的影响

为了寻求更好的力量训练方法,通过实验法采用交变负荷力量训练系统,对实验对象进行力量训练,和传统杠铃下肢力量训练相比较,发现交变负荷力量训练能够在短时间内有效地提高肌肉的最大力量,8周内比对照组提高最大力量10%～16%.     

对女子举重运动员抓举第一次试举失败原因的探析

采用现场观察与统计的方法,并结合面访与调查,就我国女子举重运动员抓举第一次试举失败的原因进行探析。结果显示,心理状态不佳、准备活动不当、技术发挥失常、第一次试举重量过高等,是导致其试举失败的主要原因。     

广西自治区九运会举重比赛调研报告

研究结果表明 ,广西青少年举重运动正处于上升阶段。其表现背景是小级别优势项目仍在发挥作用 ,运动水平增长速度较快 ,运动员达到高水平的年龄和训练年限趋向提早 ,重点项目布局体系正在发挥效益功能。但试举成功率较低 ,杠铃后掉和挺不起是试举失败的主要因素。     

Acute intraocular pressure changes during isometric exercise and recovery: The influence of exercise type and intensity,and participant´s sex

ABSTRACT

We assessed the intraocular pressure (IOP) behaviour during a 1-minute period of isometric physical effort and the immediate 1-minute of recovery in the mid-thigh clean pull and squat exercises at three different intensities. Twenty physically active individuals performed the isometric mid-thigh clean pull and squat exercises at three intensities (0% [low-intensity], 25% [medium-intensity] and 50% [high-intensity] of the maximum isometric force). IOP was semi-continuously measured by rebound tonometry. There was a statistically significant effect of exercise intensity on IOP (p < 0.001, ?_p² = 0.416), observing that IOP increments were positively associated with exercise intensity. The mid-thigh clean pull and squat exercises did not demonstrate differences (p = 0.510), and also, no differences were observed between men and women (p = 0.683). The IOP changes during the isometric physical effort showed a positive linear behaviour in all conditions (r = 0.70 to 0.96). IOP returned to baseline levels after 8 seconds of recovery. Our data showed a progressive and instantaneous IOP increment during isometric exercise, which was positively associated with exercise intensity. IOP changes were independent on the type of exercise and participant´s sex. After exercise, IOP rapidly (≈ 8 seconds) returned to baseline levels.     

Comparison of the force-, velocity-, and power-time curves recorded with a force plate and a linear velocity transducer

This study aimed to correlate, compare, and determine the reliability of force, velocity, and power values collected with a force plate (FP) and a linear transducer during loaded jumps. Twenty-three swimmers performed an incremental loading test at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of their own body weight on a FP. A linear velocity transducer (LVT) was attached to the bar to assess the peak and the mean values of force, velocity, and power. Both the peak variables (r = 0.94 – 0.99 for peak force, r = 0.83 – 0.91 for peak velocity, and r = 0.90–0.94 for peak power; p < 0.001) and the mean variables (r = 0.96–0.99 for mean force, r = 0.87–0.89 for mean velocity, and r = 0.93–0.96 for mean power; p < 0.001) were strongly correlated between both measurement tools. Differences in the shape of the force-, velocity-, and power-time curves were observed. The LVT data showed a steeper increase in these variables at the beginning of the movement, while the FP recorded larger values in the latter part. Peak values were more reliable than mean values. These results suggest that the LVT is a valid tool for the assessment of loaded squat jump.     

日常抓举物体动作分析与优化研究

动作研究是科学管理技术研究的一项重要内容,通过动作研究可以改进和完善动作的方法和顺序,可以用较少投资或不增加投资即可对现行生产系统进行不断改进。抓举物体动作是生产活动中最常见、最典型的动作,对它进行研究与优化,对提高生产效率和减少职业病有十分重要的作用。本文以抓举物体动作为例,在建立人体数学模型的基础上,对抓举动作进行简化分析,结合动作优化的原则,给出生产活动中抓举物体的优化动作。     

基于人/杠合重心与支撑面中心关系对抓举失败原因的研究

研究运用三维运动学方法,获取评价抓举技术动作稳定性的量化指标,并对廖辉、石智勇等5名运动员8次成功试举与7次失败试举中每个特征时刻该指标进行对比分析,旨在从动作稳定性的角度分析抓举失败的原因。研究认为人/杠合重心与人体支撑面中心在前后方向的距离(两心差)是评价运动员抓举技术动作各阶段稳定性的重要指标,两心差越小,技术动作稳定性越强。抓举过程中运动员的两心差数值曲线呈现出双波峰双波谷的特点,较为合理的两心差变化趋势应该是:两心差于发力阶段初达到第一个波谷,惯性上升阶段初达到第一个波峰,于下蹲支撑初达到第二个波谷,杠铃速度最大时刻达到第二个波峰。大多数抓举试举失败都出现在接铃完成阶段,而下蹲支撑阶段两心差过大是导致运动员在接铃完成阶段无法对杠铃形成有效制动的重要原因。研究中成功试举在接铃完成阶段末两心差几乎为零;接铃完成末两心差过大,将导致运动员在上举时失去平衡。