电刺激力量训练与杠铃训练对下肢爆发力影响的实验研究

采用对比实验法 ,将 18名大学生按配对法均衡地分为股四头肌电刺激组 (实验组 )与负杠铃下蹲组 (对照组 )进行实验研究。研究结果表明 :电刺激股四头肌力量训练可在短期内有效地提高股四头肌的伸膝肌力矩 (P<0 .0 1) ,提高下肢蹬伸动作的爆发力 ;电刺激股四头肌力量训练在提高运动环节的动作力量和爆发力水平方面 ,可达到与杠铃下蹲整体用力训练一样的练习效果     

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对抓举引膝提铃和发力阶段动作的生物力学诊断

运用生物力学测试手段对１０８ｋｇ以上级、国家健将级举重运动员姜凯的抓举动作进行分析,找出受试者抓举动作的主要问题是：１）在伸腿前俯和引膝提铃阶段伸腿不充分,使腿部力量没能很好地发挥出来;２）由于髋关节在引膝提铃阶段过早用力,使得伸膝范围受到限制,腰背力量不能完全发挥。并针对受试者的问题提出改进办法,已取得了一定成绩。     

不同膝角静态蹲跳的生物力学研究

运用三维测力系统,对不同膝角静态蹲跳的测试结果进行比较分析：着重讨论了最大力值、蹬伸时间、冲量值等主要生物力学指标的变化规律及其对纵跳高度的影响。     

不同重量下男子抓举动作的生物力学特征

采用实验测试及肌电分析的方法,对不同重量下的男子抓举动作进行探析。结果显示,重量越大,抓举时提铃翻手的速度越快;三角肌的肌电积分值最大。提示,为提高举重成绩,应重视胫骨前肌和胭绳肌的力量训练。     

Eccentric flywheel post-activation potentiation influences swimming start performance kinetics

This study aimed to assess the effects of post-activation potentiation in the strength related variables of a kick start. Thirteen competitive swimmers performed three kick starts after a standardized warm up (denoted USUAL) and another after inducing post-activation through five isotonic repetitions on an eccentric flywheel (denoted PAP). A T-test was used to quantify differences between USUAL and PAP warm up. The best trial of each subject achieved by natural conditions (denoted PEAK) was compared with data obtained after PAP. An instrumented starting block with independent triaxial force plates, collected the strength variables related with the impulse at take off. Improvements in the vertical components of force were observed after PAP compared with USUAL, meanwhile no differences were detected on the horizontal components of it. The velocity at take off was higher after PAP compared with USUAL (4.32 ± 0.88 vs 3.93 ± 0.60 m*s-1; p = 0.02). No differences in force or velocity were detected comparing PAP with PEAK (4.13 ± 0.62 m*s-1, p = 0.11). The PAP warm-up increased vertical force and it was transferred to a higher resultant velocity at take-off. This improvement would equal the best result possible obtained in natural conditions after some trials.     

Velocity- and power-load relationships in the half,parallel and full back squat

This study aimed to compare the load-velocity and load-power relationships of three common variations of the squat exercise. 52 strength-trained males performed a progressive loading test up to the one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the full (F-SQ), parallel (P-SQ) and half (H-SQ) squat, conducted in random order on separate days. Bar velocity and vertical force were measured by means of a linear velocity transducer time-synchronized with a force platform. The relative load that maximized power output (Pmax) was analyzed using three outcome measures: mean concentric (MP), mean propulsive (MPP) and peak power (PP), while also including or excluding body mass in force calculations. 1RM was significantly different between exercises. Load-velocity and load-power relationships were significantly different between the F-SQ, P-SQ and H-SQ variations. Close relationships (R² = 0.92–0.96) between load (%1RM) and bar velocity were found and they were specific for each squat variation, with faster velocities the greater the squat depth. Unlike the F-SQ and P-SQ, no sticking region was observed for the H-SQ when lifting high loads. The Pmax corresponded to a broad load range and was greatly influenced by how force output is calculated (including or excluding body mass) as well as the exact outcome variable used (MP, MPP, PP).     

相同强度的臀推和前蹲练习对 下肢速度和爆发力的即刻影响

目的：探讨相同负荷强度的臀推和前蹲练习对20 m冲刺速度、纵跳摸高、立定跳远的影响。方法：对招募的25名北京体育大学田径专项男性大学生进行负重半蹲1RM测试,符合1RM/体重＞2标准的作为最终的受试者。以臀推和前蹲的1RM测试成绩的90%为练习负荷强度,分别测定90%1RM臀推和前蹲练习前后20 m冲刺、纵跳摸高、立定跳远成绩。结果：①90%1RM臀推练习后20 m冲刺成绩,以及0—10 m、0—20 m的分段速度显著高于练习前（P＜005）;②90%1RM前蹲练习后纵跳摸高成绩显著高于90%1RM臀推练习后的成绩（P＜005）;③90%1RM臀推练习与90%1RM前蹲练习对立定跳远成绩的影响没有显著性差异（P＞005）。结论：90%1RM臀推练习能够显著提高速度、爆发力成绩;90%1RM前蹲练习对纵跳摸高的影响更为显著;两种练习对立定跳远的影响无明显差异。     

爆发力训练中抓举的适宜重量研究

摘要：以12名专业男子举重运动员为受试者,全面分析了不同相对重量抓举练习的功率输出特点,以期为爆发力训练中抓举练习的重量选择提供科学的依据。方法：受试者在运动捕捉系统下站在测力台上以随机的顺序进行30%-90%1RM重量的抓举练习。然后,计算出人与杠铃所构成整体以及杠铃自身在各个相对重量上的功率、力等指标,再利用重复测量方差分析进行数据统计。结果：整体与杠铃的最大功率分别出现在70%1RM和90%1RM;整体与杠铃的最大速度分别出现40%1RM与30%1RM;两者的最大力值均出现在90%1RM;相对重量对整体力的生成速率无显著影响;杠铃力的生成速率的最大值出现在90%1RM。结论：相对重量对抓举时整体与杠铃的功率变化具有不同的影响。训练实践中应根据运动项目的特征来选择适宜的负重。注重对外界做功的运动员在爆发力训练中其抓举的适宜重量应为≥80%1RM。而注重对自身做功的运动员在爆发力训练中其抓举的适宜重量约为70%1RM,但从力的角度来考虑,其训练中还应包含更大负重的抓举练习。     

主要特征点数据在抓举技术诊断中的作用研究

抓举技术中的“近”、“快”、“低”、“准”技术原则,以及提铃“发力”、“下砸力”等特征是分析评价抓举技术的重要指标,本研究通过对人、杠重心等主要特征点数据的分析,探讨其量化途径,以及简便易行的测量和分析方法,希望能为抓举技术诊断提供参考。