Do public subsidies and facility coverage matter for voluntary sports clubs?

In many countries, voluntary sports clubs are the main recipients of public subsidies regarding the provision of recreational sport, and the economically most important level of government is usually the local government (i.e. the municipalities). The purpose of this article is to examine whether and how municipal framework conditions matter for sports clubs. Inspired by previous studies, we examine the role of direct and indirect public subsidies as well as facility coverage. The authors conduct analyses on a general level (for all sports) and specifically for five sports (badminton, football, gymnastics, handball and swimming). The differentiation between sports allows us to examine how municipal framework conditions might be associated differently with density and participation across sports. In the statistical analyses, the authors apply data collected among all 98 Danish municipalities. The results show that the municipal levels of direct and indirect subsidies are weakly correlated with both the density of and participation in sports clubs, while stronger correlations can be identified with regard to facility coverage. The analyses for the five sports reveal that the supply of relevant facility types is – with few exceptions – positively correlated with sports club density and participation levels within each sport. Thus, facility coverage seems to play a more important role for sports clubs than the levels of indirect and particularly direct subsidies.     

青少儿寒暑假屏前静态行为与体育参与现状及关联性研究

"屏前静态行为"与"体育参与"是当前影响青少儿体质健康的2个重要因素,通过文献资料法、问卷调查法研究发现:青少儿寒暑假存在过度屏前静态行为,学段与屏前静态行为成正相关,外界监管是影响屏前静态行为的重要因素,可及性是青少儿选择电子媒介的关键因素。寒暑假期间青少儿体育参与率较低,其中大学生体育参与率最低,依次是小学生、高中生和初中生。青少儿屏前静态行为与体育参与两者之间存在负相关,同时两者发展规律不同,具有相对独立性。     

企业社会责任对财务绩效的影响研究——以交通运输行业为例

本文以交通运输行业企业社会责任履行对企业财务绩效的影响为立足点,采用利益相关者理论进行多维度社会责任指标划分,通过静态回归分析、动态滞后模型对2011-2015年期间在沪深证券交易所上市的37家交通运输行业公司进行实证研究并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：交通运输行业企业社会责任的履行及企业的成长性均对当期财务绩效指标存在明显的正向作用,而公司的规模对当期财务绩效有明显的负向影响。财务绩效将同时受到滞后一期及滞后两期企业社会责任的正向影响,且时间越长,当期社会责任对后期财务绩效的影响越弱。无论对于当期或后期财务绩效指标而言,企业社会责任均对会计指标衡量的财务绩效产生较市场指标衡量更为显著的正向作用。     

基于扎根理论的虚拟学术社区用户参与行为研究——以小木虫为例

【目的/意义】虚拟学术社区的发展离不开用户参与,研究分析虚拟学术社区当中用户参与行为类型,对于 促进虚拟学术社区用户之间的知识交流具有一定的启发价值。【方法/过程】依据扎根理论,对小木虫虚拟学术社区 进行数据采集,将用户分为初级用户、中级用户以及高级用户三个等级,搜集了小木虫论坛热门博客栏目下,回复 大于 10的帖子内容,利用质性分析软件 NVIVO12.0对其进行开放式、主轴式和选择性编码,并据此构建虚拟学术 社区参与行为的模型。【结果/结论】根据编码结果显示,用户在虚拟学术社区参与行为总共可以分为问候欢迎、调 节规范、协助、欣赏、同情、抱怨、庆祝和交际8种类型,不同等级的用户的参与行为具有不同的特点,在实际参与过 程当中应当强化每种用户的角色,为虚拟学术社区的未来发展提供强大助力。【创新/局限】虽然数据来源较为单 一,但是本文将扎根理论引入虚拟学术社区的研究中,完善了该情境下用户参与行为的分类体系,对现有研究成果 进行补充。     

公众参与环境保护制度立法若干缺陷及对策探析

我国的公众参与环境保护制度在现行立法上存在若干不完善之处：对＂公众＂的范围界定不清,没有将公众参与规定为公民的一项基本权利,立法重实体轻程序的现象明显。建议采取如下措施进行立法完善：在立法体例上进行专门立法;在立法实体内容上完善公民环境权,确定＂公众＂的概念和范围;在程序内容上,建立和完善公民参与环保事前监督程序,明确参与的方式、途径、救济措施以及相关的法律责任形式。     

新型农村社区建设中居民社区参与的动力机制分析

新型农村社区居民在社区参与上主要存在参与内容具有明显选择偏好、参与行为具有区隔性以及参与意愿与实际参与行为不符等问题。通过建构利益驱动机制、认同驱动机制和制度驱动机制,帮助居民拓宽获取社会资本的渠道,增强居民社区认同感,搭建社区参与的制度平台,有助于增强社区居民的参与意识,改善社区居民参与状况。     

论地方突发社会安全事件治理的问题与对策

突发社会安全事件频发已经成为近年来地方治理工作的一个重要特点。在社会转型的背景下,由于体制机制的制约,社会安全事件治理工作还存在较多问题,应当进一步完善突发社会安全事件的治理机制,更加注重社会风险的防控工作,为地方的科学发展提供更好的制度环境。     

Rethinking participation in the Aarhus as European Capital of Culture 2017 project

This paper examines the relationship between cultural participation and regional development with reference to the European Capital of Culture in 2017. From the bidding stage, Aarhus 2017 claimed it put “participation” at the heart of its strategic plans, through consultation at roadshows and exhibitions. In addition, it aspired to use culture as a catalyst for development not only in the city of Aarhus but across the region of Central Denmark. This paper, therefore, examines how participation is defined and implemented to address regional development in the Aarhus 2017 process through textual analysis of documentation from Aarhus 2017 and delivery partners as well as over 20 interviews with managers and participants involved in a range of 2017 projects. The paper argues against the common prioritisation of urban and professional cultural institutions and makes the case for decentralised cultural provision that supports both amateurs and professionals through a regional networked structure.     

Subjective well-being in cultural advocacy: a politics of research between the market and the academy

This paper responds to a trend of contracting out subjective well-being econometrics to demonstrate social return on investment (SROI) for evidence-based policy-making. We discuss an evolving ecology of ‘external’ research taking place ‘between’ the academy and commercial consultancy. We then contextualise this as waves of research methodologies and consultancy for the cultural sector. The new model of ‘external between’ consultancy research for policy is not only placed between the University and the market, but also facilitates discourse between policy sectors, government, the media and the academy. Specifically, it enables seductive but selective arguments for advocacy that claim authority through academic affiliation, yet are not evaluated for robustness. To critically engage with an emergent form of what Stone calls ‘causal stories’, we replicate a publicly funded externally commissioned SROI model that argues for the value of cultural activities to well-being. We find that the author’s operationalisation of participation and well-being are crucial, yet their representation of the relationship problematic, and their estimates questionable. This case study ‘re-performs’ econometric modelling national-level survey data for the cultural sector to reveal practices that create norms of expertise for policy-making that are not rigorous. We conclude that fluid claims to authority allow experimental econometric models and measures to perform across the cultural economy as if ratified. This new model of advocacy research requires closer academic consideration given the changing research funding structures and recent attention to expertise and the contracting out of public services.     

Did London 2012 deliver a sports participation legacy?

Despite the increasing academic interest in the analysis of the Olympic legacy, there is a relative knowledge gap as far as sports participation legacy is concerned. The authors bridge this gap by analysing the short-term sports participation legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games on the adult population in England. By using data from the Active People Survey and considering different sports participation variables and the effect of the economic climate, results demonstrate a positive association with participation from hosting the Games. Participation rates were adjusted to take into account seasonality and changes in the gross domestic product (GDP), accounting in this way for the effect of the recent economic recession. The biggest effect was observed in relation to frequent participation (at least three times per week for at least 30 min) in the year immediately after the Games. In 2014, the sports participation rates fell relative to 2013 but remained higher than pre-Olympic levels. The sport participation legacy of the Olympic Games appeared to have significant differences between socio-demographic groups.