提升高分子本科生创新能力的实验体系改革初探

高分子材料科学与工程专业旨在培养高分子材料领域的高级工程技术人才,对学生的实践能力和创新能力都有很高的要求。本文针对武汉理工大学高分子专业大学生的特点及现有体系的问题,提出了几种高分子专业实验体系的改革措施,以期有效提升该专业本科生的创新能力,并辐射至整个工科院校。     

从创新实验中体会教书育人

科学态度不仅是一句口号,更需要在实际科研工作中不断强化。本科生参加创新实验得以与研究生导师近距离接触,在提早感受实验室氛围的同时,不仅可以培养他们的科研兴趣,锻炼他们的动手能力,丰富专业知识,提高沟通、交流的能力,更重要的是,在实验中他们学会克服自身的惰性,培养科研精神。这样,良好的工作态度以及专业的工作素养可以为他们步入社会参加工作带来有力保障。     

NO2与NO气体制备演示一体化微型实验探究

实验室制取NO2、NO的反应,由于其毒性,实验装置的改良备受关注,笔者进行了进一步的改进,旨在减少试剂用量、减轻尾气毒害,人人有机会动手实践,这一点符合绿色化学的发展理念。     

皮划艇运动员冬训水上多级递增负荷测试分析

通过实验法等研究方法对某省皮划艇队6名运动员进行冬季水上多级递增负荷测试,对测试结果进行了统计分析,研究认为该队的基本能力和专项技术还有待提高,并提出了改进的建议。     

世界优秀男子乒乓球运动员特长技术分析

采用文献资料等方法,对世界优秀男子乒乓球运动员特长技术进行研究,旨在提升我国乒乓球项目特长技术创新与发展。结果表明：世界优秀男子乒乓球运动员特长技术主要有8项,分别为,瓦尔德内尔横拍直握式发球技术和晃接技术、科贝尔反手侧拧技术、金泽洙步法技术、蒋澎龙加力推挡技术、格林卡反手横向拉球技术、马琳加转摆短技术和正手前冲弧圈球技术、朱世赫削中反攻技术、王皓直板横打技术。     

Reliabilities of leg and vertical stiffness during treadmill running

The aim of this study was to determine the intra-participant variabilities (i.e. intra-day and inter-day reliabilities) in leg and vertical stiffness, as well as related kinematic parameters, during treadmill running using the sine-wave method. Twenty-two healthy men ran on a treadmill at 4.44 m/s, and the flight and contact times were measured with a high-speed video camera. Three 30-s running bouts with 2-min inter-bout rests were performed to examine the intra-day reliability, and single 30-s running bouts on three separate days with 24- to 48-h inter-bout intervals were performed to examine the inter-day reliability. The reliability statistics included repeated-measure analyses of variance, average inter-trial correlations, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), Cronbach's α reliability coefficient, and the coefficient of variation. Both leg and vertical stiffness produced high ICCs within 0.972 and 0.982, respectively, and between 0.922 and 0.873 days, respectively. High values were also observed for all of the reliability coefficients. Similar results were found regarding contact time, flight time, step length, and step rate. It was concluded that the measurements of leg and vertical stiffness, as well as related kinematic parameters, obtained using the sine-wave method during treadmill running at 4.44 m/s, were highly reliable, both within and across days.     

Anticipatory postural adjustments during cutting manoeuvres in football and their consequences for knee injury risk

Abstract

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), i.e. preparatory positioning of the head, the trunk and the foot, are essential to initiate cutting manoeuvres during football games. The aim of the present study was to determine how APA strategies during cutting manoeuvres are influenced by a reduction of the time available to prepare the movement.

Thirteen football players performed different cutting tasks, with directions of cutting either known prior to the task or indicated by a light signal occurring 850, 600 or 500 ms before ground contact.

With less time available to prepare the cutting manoeuvre, the head was less orientated towards the cutting direction (P = 0.033) and the trunk was even more rotated in the opposite direction (P = 0.002), while the foot placement was not significantly influenced. Moreover, the induced higher lateral trunk flexion correlated with the increased knee abduction moment (r = 0.41; P = 0.009).

Increasing lateral trunk flexion is the main strategy used to successfully perform a cutting manoeuvre when less time is available to prepare the movement. However, higher lateral trunk flexion was associated with an increased knee abduction moment and therefore an increased knee injury risk. Reducing lateral trunk flexion during cutting manoeuvres should be part of training programs seeking the optimisation of APAs.     

初中生基于速度类运动处方体能素质干预实验研究

通过速度类项目50米跑课外教学实验,施以不同的教学方法,观察学生速度类体能素质经运动处方干预后的变情况,并运用方差分析对所得实验数据进行统计分析.结果显示：采用运动处方的方式干预初中生的速度类体能素质发展效果明显好于一般的教学方式.     

乒乓球运动员应加强快速、准确、灵活的步法训练

论述了乒乓球运动员在短时间内,根据来球方向、速度、落点以及旋转等快速作出判断时步法移动的重要意义,并提出一些训练措施。     

对高校弱质学生开展软式排球教学的实验研究

通过软、硬式排球专项课的教学实验进行比较，结果显示：软式排球的技术难度小，更容易掌握和运用，比赛时来回球的次数、时间明显增多，能够使学生的学习态度、注意力显著改善。同时增强身体素质，体现满意感的心理效益。