College chemistry students' mental models of acids and acid strength

The central goal of this study was to characterize the mental models of acids and acid strength expressed by advanced college chemistry students when engaged in prediction, explanation, and justification tasks that asked them to rank chemical compounds based on their relative acid strength. For that purpose we completed a qualitative research study involving students enrolled in different types of organic chemistry course sections at our university. Our analysis led to the identification of four distinct mental models, some of which resembled scientific models of acids and acid strength. However, the distinct models are better characterized as synthetic models that combined assumptions from one or more scientific models with intuitive beliefs about factors that determine the properties of chemical substances. For many students in our sample, mental models served more as tools for heuristic decision‐making based on intuitively appealing, but many times mistaken, concept associations rather than as cognitive tools to generate explanations. Although many research participants used a single general mental model to complete all of the interview tasks, the presence of specific problem features or changes in the nature of the task (e.g., prediction vs. explanation) prompted several students to change their mental model or to add a different mental representation. Our study indicates that properly diversifying and sequencing the types of academic tasks in which students are asked to participate could better foster meaningful learning as different types of cognitive resources may be activated by different students, and thus shared, analyzed, and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 396–413, 2011     

The negative effect of school-average ability on science self-concept in the UK,the UK countries and the world: the Big-Fish-Little-Pond-Effect for PISA 2006

Research on the relation between students’ achievement (ACH) and their academic self-concept (ASC) has consistently shown a Big-Fish-Little-Pond-Effect (BFLPE); ASC is positively affected by individual ACH, but negatively affected by school-average ACH. Surprisingly, however, there are few good UK studies of the BFLPE and few anywhere in the world based on science self-concept (S-ASC). Addressing this substantive limitation in existing research with data from PISA 2006, we extend new multigroup doubly-latent multilevel structural equation models – a substantive-methodological synergy. BFLPE predictions for S-ASC are supported for: the total international sample; the total UK sample; each of the four UK countries considered separately. The BFLPE was marginally larger in the UK than the international sample. However, consistent with the selective nature of school systems in the UK, the BFLPE was larger in Northern Ireland and, to a lesser extent, England than in Scotland or Wales.     

当前高校青年教师组织发展对策研究——以河北农业大学理学院为例

高校青年教师是当代高校教师中最有活力、最富有创新精神的群体。他们的思想道德及工作行为更容易影响大学生。他们的价值观、创新精神和敬业精神不仅直接关系到他们自身的发展,更容易影响到大学生的成长与发展。在我院教师队伍中,35岁以下的青年教师占到了55·7%,已经成为教师队伍的主体,因此我们长期以来非常注重对青年教师的培养,一方面注重青年教师业务素质的提高,保证教师质量,另一方面,不断提高青年教师的政治素质,努力打造一支业务素质过硬,政治素质够高的基础课教师队伍,为培养新一代又红又专的社会主义事业建设者打下基础。     

英语教学中榜样的意义效应

从榜样作用的角度出发,分析在大学英语教学中榜样如何对学生起到情感渗透和德育渗透的问题,探究知、情兼顾的教学模式是如何激发学生的学习热情,影响学生思想,促进学生全面健康发展的做法。     

远程教育发展动力模式探析

结合我国远程教育的发展状况、速度、规模和驱动因素,从影响远程教育发展的供方、需方和中立方等三方面来建立驱动模型,分析驱动远程教育快速发展的原动力,为远程教育的未来发展提供意见和建议.     

What About the Hyperlocals?

Using a survey of a sample of hyperlocal actors in Sweden (N?=?178), this article examines preconditions, motivations and sustainability for hyperlocal media operations, outside the traditional media chains, in order to provide a picture of their function in the current media landscape, and to further build on the understanding of the hyperlocal business model. This study extends the hyperlocal definition by including media platforms other than websites. The results show that the operations indeed aim to support and foster citizenship, strengthen democracy and mirror the local community. At the same time, as shown by other studies, the fact that they are not large-scale, highly profitable operations may challenge their sustainability. Nonetheless, most of them claim to be profitable, largely because of the print platform, and have a positive outlook on the future. Revenues from advertising and readership are currently less substantial for Web-based operations, which reinforces the need to broaden the definition of hyperlocal publishing platforms when talking about financial sustainability. Currently, hyperlocal media in Sweden, with small resources and a lower publishing frequency, cannot be viewed as a replacement of established media, but play important roles as complementary alternative voices and contribute to media plurality in the local community.     

我国城市社区居民体育锻炼行为研究

采用分层线性模型对我国城市社区居民的个体体育锻炼行为进行研究。研究认为,社区居民的体育锻炼行为的发生不仅受到个体每周工作时间影响之外,受到受教育年限的影响,更重要的是社区居民体育锻炼行为受到高层次变量——家庭月支出的影响。     

我国出版企业数字出版盈利模式研究评析

在数字化大潮中,寻找适合自己的盈利模式是出版企业发展数字出版的突破口。通过对数字出版盈利模式内涵与出版企业数字出版盈利模式现状研究文献的探讨,发现受众需求、数字产品(服务)、销售渠道和利润获取是数字出版盈利模式的四个核心要素。     

我国科技成果转化典型模式及影响因素研究

科技成果转化是一个复杂的知识转化、价值创造过程,直接影响了我国经济增长方式的转变进程。如何加速科学技术向现实生产力的转化,提高科技成果的孵化率亟需我国科研体系反思。针对目前我国科技成果转化的现状,对我国典型科技成果转化模式进行总结,构建了科技成果的转化链,分析我国科技成果转化中存在的影响因素并提出相关建议,对寻求提升科技成果转化率的突破口有一定的借鉴作用和指导意义。