基于语言磨蚀角度的外语测试与评估的思考

语言磨蚀是指双语或多语使用者运用该语言的能力会随着时间的推移而逐渐减退,从语蚀理论出发,本文对目前外语测试评价提出一些思考建议：测试时间要保持一定的连续性、提高考试水平级别、优化外语能力评价体系、合理运用社会情感因素、引入多元化课堂评价体系等,希望形成科学合理的测试评估体系,以促进语言学习、减少语言磨蚀,经济有效地保持外语学习成果。     

盐胁迫对红麻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同浓度的钠盐（Na2SO4和Na2CO3）胁迫对红麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明：不同浓度盐胁迫对红麻种子的发芽指标和活力指数均有一定抑制作用,随浓度的增加抑制作用越强.浓度10~50 mmol/L的Na2SO4胁迫下,红麻种子的发芽势、发芽指数与对照没有显著差异,但活力指数显著低于对照,而当Na2SO4浓度为100 mmol/L时种子的发芽势、发芽指数与对照存在显著差异,Na2SO4浓度为200 mmol/L时种子不能萌发;Na2CO3浓度≥50 mmol/L时,红麻种子不能萌发.相同浓度下,Na2CO3比Na2SO4对红麻种子萌发的抑制作用更明显.     

NaCl胁迫对不同番茄品种幼苗及果实的影响

研究了NaCl胁迫对5个不同番茄品种的幼苗生长、果实可溶性糖含量及产量的影响.结果表明,盐胁迫抑制了番茄幼苗植株的生长,降低了幼苗的单株鲜重,减少了果实产量,但可以提高果实可溶性糖含量.同一盐胁迫条件下,不同番茄品种性状存在显著差异.     

大规模语言测试的道德问题

批评测试理论提出测试具有社会认识、政治价值、教育功能和文化特性,测试使用具有社会后果。倡导语言测试研究的社会话语其关注的焦点之一是道德问题。2000年国际语言测试协会颁布《道德准则》,其中涉及伦理、专业责任和社会职责等九大原则。以我国高考英语测试为个案研究发现,高考命题工作主要由政府部门组织和管理,伦理原则得到充分体现。但语言测试者的专业作用没有得到充分发挥。语言测试研究多集中于测试的技术改进层面,很少有社会纬度的考虑。语言测试的专业责任原则和社会责任原则没有得到很好的体现。高考研究多基于应试需要,很少从测试角度出发研究如何防止或减少负面反拨效应。     

邓小平的真理检验标准思想探析

邓小平真理观在坚持马克思主义实践标准的基础上,把是否有利于促进生产力发展作为检验真理的科学标准,把是否有利于增进人民福祉作为检验真理的价值标准,并在此基础上提出了判断是非功过的＂三个有利于＂标准,从而实现了科学标准和价值标准的有机统一,实现了对马克思主义真理观关于真理检验标准思想的丰富和发展。     

EMDR治疗的初期——基础、诊断与治疗计划（上）

本文介绍了精神创伤的EMDR（眼动脱敏与再加工）治疗过程中的八个步骤,以及每个步骤中值得注意的问题。     

Mothers’ and Fathers’ Roles in Caring for an Adult Child with an Intellectual Disability

To date, there have been few studies of mothers’ and fathers’ roles in caring for their adult children with intellectual disabilities. The present study investigated the care-giving roles of mother and father couples caring for their adult offspring with an intellectual disability, their psychological health, and the demands and satisfaction of their care-giving roles. Twelve Anglo-Australian middle-aged mother and father couples with an adult child with intellectual disability (mean age?=?24 years) participated in semi-structured interviews about their care-giving roles and completed a series of questionnaires pertaining to care-giving difficulties and satisfaction, hassles and uplifts, and general health. Findings indicated that an extremely high proportion of both mothers and fathers were in the clinical range for social dysfunction, anxiety/insomnia, and somatic complaints, although levels of depression were relatively low. The present study found that mothers undertake more daily care-giving tasks than fathers, but that the range of tasks is similar. Mothers also reported significantly more care-giving difficulties and satisfaction than fathers. Associations between measures differed somewhat for the two parent groups, indicating the need for further exploration of both mothers’ and fathers’ experiences.     

Pain, suffering, and trauma in labor and prevention of subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder

In this column, Kimmelin Hull, community manager of Science & Sensibility, Lamaze International's research blog, reprints and discusses a recent blog post series by acclaimed writer, lecturer, doula, and normal birth advocate Penny Simkin. Examined here is the fruitful dialog that ensued-including testimonies from blog readers about their own experiences with traumatic birth and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder. Hull further highlights the impact traumatic birth has not only on the birthing woman but also on the labor team-including doulas and childbirth educators-and the implied need for debriefing processes for birth workers. Succinct tools for assessing a laboring woman's experience of pain versus suffering are offered by Simkin, along with Hull's added suggestions for application during the labor and birth process.     

基于UML高职院校在线考试系统的设计

以高职院校在线考试系统为研究背景,阐述了基于UML的需求描述、系统分析、详细设计和结构设计的方法,在RationalRose环境下运用UML对在线考试系统进行分析建模,搭建了在线考试系统分析设计模型,为实现高职院校在线考试系统打下良好的基础。