NBA中锋发展趋势及空间型中锋技术剖析

NBA比赛规则的改变和内线球员位置的模糊化使得中锋呈现出新的发展趋势,高强度、高对抗、快速攻防转换以及更加注重拉开空间对中锋的策应能力和远距离投篮能力提出了更高的要求,促使内线球员向全能空间型中锋转型。研究发现,空间型中锋技术更为全面,进攻方式多样,拥有较高的三分球出手次数和高效稳定的三分球命中率,具备良好的组织和策应能力;在助攻、触球后的传导球以及触球得分上都优于传统中锋;空间型中锋攻防空间更为开阔,丰富了球队技战术选择因而使用率更高。借鉴NBA中锋的发展,CBA应侧重培养中锋的速度和灵活性,提高中锋的策应、助攻和三分球投射能力。     

优秀跳远运动员起跳环节支撑腿表面肌电活动特征研究

通过表面肌电和运动学同步测试,揭示优秀跳远运动员起跳环节下肢肌肉表面肌电活动特征。研究结果表明：运动员起跳过程中比目鱼肌、腓肠肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌是起跳腿的主要发力肌肉;所测肌肉最大发力时的顺序为：胫骨前肌首先发力,股外侧肌和股内侧肌次之,腓肠肌、比目鱼肌、股二头肌依次最后发力至最大;在整个起跳环节,踝关节和膝关节的拮抗肌共激活水平较高,其中尤以缓冲阶段踝关节的共激活水平最高。上述特征提示,在专项训练实践中,教练员应设计与跳远起跳用力特征相一致的专项力量训练手段,以打造出良好的专项力量素质。     

Effects of neuromuscular function and split step on reaction speed in simulated tennis response

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether split step (small hop before step) would be more beneficial than no-split condition in simulated tennis response situation. In addition, it was studied if movement time of the response is related to separately measured force production capabilities and reflex sensitivity of the players. Nine skilled male tennis players participated in this study. Subjects stood on a force plate and reacted to a light signal and moved to appointed direction as fast as possible. With split step the participants were 13.1% faster (P <0.05) than without split step from the start to the distal end of the so called close range movement continuum (2.70 m). This was mainly explained by 43.6% faster time (P <0.05) from the signal to the onset of force production. Greater vertical forces were observed with split step: 15.7% greater F(z) mean force (P <0.05), 60.0% greater F(z) peak force (P<0.01). In split step both mean (r= ? 0.813, P <0.01) and peak (r=?0.765, P <0.05) vertical forces (Fz) correlated negatively with the time from the onset of the force production to the photocell. With split step higher EMGs were observed in muscles responsible for ankle joint movement indicating that different strategies were used. Due to the split step the players were able to start the movement faster which mostly explains the advantages over the no-split step condition. Split step condition may also benefit from stretch shortening type of muscle action.     

高职院校开设拓展训练课程的意义及可行性分析

知识和技能是有形的资本,精神和信念是无形的财富。在教育教学中学生的意志品质教育非常重要,是当今社会全能型人才的重要因素。在高职院校体育课程中开设拓展训练课程对培养学生的意志品质具有重要的意义。     

对我国女子铁饼优秀运动员的技术分析

对参加2000年奥运会田径选拔赛的我国6名女子铁饼运动员最佳成绩的一次完整技术作为研究对象，采用爱捷运动录像快速反馈分析系统进行三维运动学分析，选取出手高度、出手速度、出手角度和躯干倾角等运动学指标，结合饼速变化特征和超越器械程度的相关影响因素，对6名运动员进行技术分析，结果表明：运动员出手时，同水平速度相比，垂直速度偏大；应加强以旋转节奏为主的专项练习；肩髋扭转角在左脚着地时达到最大；拉引角最好在左脚着地时为最大。     

Ground Reaction Force Differences in the Countermovement Jump in Girls With Different Levels of Performance

Purpose: The aim of this study was to ascertain the biomechanical differences between better and poorer performers of the vertical jump in a homogeneous group of children. Method: Twenty-four girls were divided into low-scoring (LOW; M _age = 6.3 ± 0.8 years) and high-scoring (HIGH; M _age = 6.6 ± 0.8 years) groups based on their performance on the vertical jump. The force-, velocity-, displacement-, and rate of force development (RFD)-time curves of vertical jumps were analyzed to determine the differences between groups. Results: The analysis of the data showed differences in the pattern of the ensemble mean curves of the HIGH and LOW groups, although the majority of the differences occurred during the eccentric contraction phase of the jump. The differences in the HIGH group with respect to the LOW group were: lower force at the beginning of the movement, higher speed and RFD during the eccentric phase, high force at the beginning of the concentric phase, higher velocity during the concentric phase, and a higher position at takeoff. Conclusion: The results showed that the HIGH group achieved a higher jump height than did the LOW group by increasing the effectiveness of the countermovement and achieving a more advantageous position at takeoff.     

行进间单手肩上投篮教学方法之体会

本文阐述了行进间单手肩上投篮的教学方法及练习的手段.针对学生的具体情况,制定具体的教学措施,使学生尽快掌握行进间单手肩上投篮的动作要领.     

短跑运动员专项力量训练的新思路

如何设计和选择专项力量训练手段,取决于教练对专项技术和力量本质特征的正确认识．现代短跑运动员技术的本质特征应视以髋为轴的高速摆动一平动运动．短跑专项力量训练是当代力量训练的核心,发展短跑专项力量不仅应采用负重的专项练习,而且更重要的是改进杠铃训练使其在练习形式、负荷和力度尽可能接近专项．     

三种不同下蹲动作的力量训练对提高短跑途中跑能力的研究

研究目的：以提高短跑的途中跑能力为目的，考察采用普通下蹲姿势、宽足间距下蹲姿势、髋关节伸展下蹲姿势三种不同下蹲姿势的力量训练，记录下肢主要运动肌的肌电图反应和地面反作用力所产生的影响，从生理和力学的角度进行分析。研究方法：采用表面双相诱导法的肌电图检测及应用录像轨迹系统对三种下蹲动作进行三次元解析。主要结果和结论：采用髋关节伸展下蹲动作的下肢力量训练对短跑选手提高途中跑能力起到一定的作用；采用初动负荷法中的超等长收缩的蹲起方法对提高短跑选手的肌肉爆发力是有效的。     

动态牵拉运动对骨发育后期人体身高持续干预效果的实验研究

通过以动态牵拉运动为主的运动处方周期性教学实验,对骨发育后期人体身高持续干预的效果进行了验证研究。结果：实验组平均增高1.24cm（p〈0.01）,有显著差异。结论：基于动态牵拉为主的处方运动对骨发育后期人体身高增长具有一定促进作用,为切实解决身材矮小问题,提供了理论依据和实践经验。