Initial steps in creating a developmentally valid tool for observing/assessing rope jumping

Background: Valid motor development sequences show the various behaviors that children display as they progress toward competence in specific motor skills. Teachers can use these sequences to observe informally or formally assess their students. While longitudinal study is ultimately required to validate developmental sequences, there are earlier, pre-longitudinal steps that can be used to screen hypothesized sequences to see if they are worthy of the time and expense of longitudinal study. These same steps can also provide teachers with preliminary tools for observation/assessment. Purpose: At the request of physical educators in a midwestern suburb in the United States, the investigators screened developmental sequences for the action of arms and legs in self-turned rope jumping. The goal was to create a preliminary assessment tool that could be used in physical education classes. Participants: The physical educators took videos of 216 children attempting to jump rope. The children were 5–10 years of age. Data analysis: The investigators categorized the videos using the hypothesized developmental sequences as a checklist. The incidence of each level in the sequences was then graphed to see if the percentages of occurrence rose and fell across age as would be expected if the levels were developmentally valid. The investigators also looked at whether children who varied their behavior across trials varied only to adjacent levels in the sequences. Results: Results indicated that one hypothesized arm category was not developmental, and two leg categories needed further study in younger children. Based on these results, the investigators modified the proposed sequences and provided decision rules so teachers could use them as preliminary observation/assessment tools.     

运动前心血管筛查的国际经验与启示

运用文献资料和逻辑分析的方法,系统梳理和总结运动前心血管筛查领域的国际经验,并结合本土研究和国情为我国运动前心血管筛查方案的设计和运动猝死预防体系的建立提供参考。运动前心血管筛查一般通过家族史、个人病史、体格检查和安静心电图对运动员或锻炼者的心源性猝死风险进行评估,从而筛查高风险个体,并采取相应措施降低风险,是运动猝死一级预防的国际主流方法。尽管对筛查方案的一些细节仍有争议,但2017年各国学者联合发布的运动员心电图解读国际标准专家共识大幅提升了安静心电图筛查的敏感性和特异性,纳入安静心电图的运动前心血管筛查方案逐渐被世界许多国家和各大国际体育组织所接受。建议通过制订运动猝死登记制度,建立系统的运动前心血管筛查体系和方法,加强新兴安全筛查方法和技术研究,从而改进我国的运动前心血管筛查工作。     

革基布生产废水高效处理微生物的筛选

利用丽水学院校园土样分离的5个菌株和实验室保存的5个菌株,对革基布生产废水进行发酵处理,并测其pH和OD600值,来衡量各菌种对污水的处理能力。结果表明：霉菌的处理效果较好。     

十个早稻品种比较试验

采取大田随机区组设计研究了10个旱稻品种的生长及产量表现。结果表明,沪旱15的单产最高,中旱221、赣农旱稻1号、绿旱1号产量分别位于第二～第四位,且与沪旱15的产量差异不显著;焦旱1号、津原85、旱糯2号的产量分别位于倒数第三一倒数第一位。其中,赣农旱稻1号和绿旱1号生育期、抗病性等综合性状表现最好,适宜在沿淮地区推广种植。     

Cybervetting,Person–Environment Fit,and Personnel Selection: Employers' Surveillance and Sensemaking of Job Applicants' Online Information

As the perceived credibility and availability of conventional sources of applicant information wanes, employers increasingly use online information to evaluate prospective employees' fit. This qualitative study explores how employers communicatively frame online screening—or cybervetting—to inform fit assessments during personnel selection. Findings suggest that employers legitimize cybervetting by framing the practice as risk work (i.e. due diligence and professional identity work), reputation management, efficient, fun, and transformative. Findings evidence shifting understandings of how fit assessments occur and what constitutes a “good fit” and an ideal worker as employers extend organizational surveillance beyond conventional work roles and contexts. Recommendations include assessing cybervetting's effectiveness at accomplishing risk, reputation, and efficiency goals; complicating singular notions of identity; considering bona fide information environments when developing employment legislation; and expanding training to improve employers' and workers' socio-technical and communicative competencies.     

Classroom effects are as large as grade-level effects on curriculum-based measurement maze reading scores of secondary school students with and without special educational needs

Background

Previous studies used curriculum-based measurement (CBM) maze scores as an indicator of the reading comprehension level of secondary school students with and without special educational needs in multiple grades, pinpointing a high influence of both student- and context-related variables. However, studies on cumulative influence are necessary for better understanding of data-based decision-making.

Methods

We examined a sample of 1066 secondary school students using four linear mixed-effect models: How much variance in maze scores exists between multiple student characteristics (i.e., gender, immigration background, learning disability and developmental language disorder) and context variables (i.e., classroom, grade and school type) across Grades 5–8?

Results

The intra-class correlation (ICC) results show that the influence by the context-related variable classroom (ICC = .094) is almost as large as by the variable grade level (ICC = .126). School type (i.e., inclusive school vs. special school) has the least influence (ICC = .02). In addition, the effects of student-related variables explain only a small proportion of the variance (marginal R² = .114).

Conclusions

Maze scores can be used as a screening instrument for students with multiple characteristics across grades; they also show that it makes no difference which type of school students attend. As teachers and further classroom-related variables have almost as much influence as grade level, we discuss that teachers can minimise classroom effects by using maze scores as a formative approach.     

常见酸奶酸菜中乳酸菌的筛选及乳酸菌素的特性研究

以日常生活中常见的也是深受人们喜爱的酸奶和下饭菜(酸菜、泡菜)等富含乳酸菌的食品为原材料,通过MRS分离培养基等选择性培养基分离出若干株乳酸菌,进一步纯化分离得到单一的乳酸菌种保存待用,并对乳酸菌的生长条件进行测定。以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等病原菌作为指示菌,通过抑菌实验、蛋白酶处理实验等系列实验来检测乳酸菌具有较好抑制病原菌生长能力的内在物质——某种多肽类物质,称之为乳酸菌素。对筛选出的菌株进行相应的生理生化实验,鉴定出有乳杆菌属、链球菌属、片球菌属和明串珠菌属等多个属的乳酸菌株。     

一种等大小矩形碎纸片拼接还原方法

引入边缘相似度概念,利用贪婪算法,解决中英文文件纵向切割后的碎纸片拼接还原问题。对于同时发生纵横向切割的中英文碎纸片,先利用着色反转法对碎纸片文字部分进行反转处理,再利用行聚类筛选法对碎纸片按行匹配度进行分类,最后对每一类碎纸片利用贪婪算法并辅之以人工干预,将碎纸片拼接还原。单面英文碎纸片拼接还原结果表明,该方法人工干预次数少,还原效率高、效果好。     

竞技武术套路运动员赛前应激状态及其调整对策研究

文章运用文献资料研究法、访谈法、结合武术的实际比赛情况,对竞技武术套路运动员赛前应激状态形成的原因进行分析。研究结果认为：赛前心理应激状态分为有益的应激状态和有害的应激状态。有害的心理应激状态有过度兴奋和过度抑制。有益的心理应激状态表现为：兴奋性增加但是在自控的范围内、精神振奋自信心较足思维开阔但在理性的控制下。有害的生理应激状态表现为：口渴尿频、两腿无力、手脚发抖、面色苍白甚至肌肉僵硬,四肢发抖等。有益的生理应激状态表现为：出心率、血压在一定的范围突然升高脉搏呼吸加快血液循环加快肌肉紧张程度增加,肌肉的力量和速度更加协调有力。产生的原因是比赛经验、运动损伤、自身性格、自我期盼、项目自身的自身特点,进而提出默念、转移注意力、听音乐运动调控、模拟训练等方法。     

身体功能训练对预防军事训练伤的作用简

身体功能训练是目前比较流行的训练方法,被许多发达国家运动队和军队采用.军事训练伤是日常军事训练过程中不可避免的一大问题.通过对近几年部队军事训练伤现状的分析,从运动训练的视角提出,运用FMS筛查测试、激活软组织、核心力量训练、动态拉伸等身体功能训练的方式,尽可能地预防军事训练伤.