老年人社交媒体健康信息甄别能力及其提升影响因素研究

[目的/意义]在人口老龄化和"健康中国"背景下,如何有效提升老年人健康信息甄别能力和健康信息素养值得关注。[方法/过程]在浙江嘉兴市图书馆和黑龙江大庆市某社区招募80名老年人,采用问卷调查和准实验法探究老年人健康信息甄别能力现状,以及伪健康信息特征列表、学习干预和社会支持等因素对其甄别能力提升的影响。[结果/结论]老年人健康信息甄别能力偏低,特别是在信息内容甄别上。学习伪健康信息特征可以有效提高老年人的甄别能力。健康状况、健康信息关注度、总体社会支持、图书馆及老年大学活动参与度,以及学习干预显著影响老年人健康信息甄别能力提升。政府、社区、图书馆等需要加强老年人健康知识和信息甄别能力的干预教育,提升老年人对健康信息的关注和社会支持。     

A Primer on College Student Substance Use Disorders Screening,Assessment, and Treatment Planning

Significant numbers of college students experience negative consequences due to their misuse of alcohol and other drugs. For far too many, some of these effects are ruinous of their lives, and for well more than a thousand each year, life ending. This article first provides an overview of the scope of this problem. It then covers both assessment and intervention starting with brief and standard assessment inventories followed by a perspective on comprehensive focused counseling that incorporates an assessment of multiple life areas. A case is made that many students have substance use disorders issues either as primary problems or auxiliary to other concerns. Treatment planning based on a comprehensive approach to change, and the role of ongoing utilization of change measures, is then discussed. A basic premise of the article is that due to a lack of education, training, and exposure, many college mental health practitioners underdiagnose and underattend to the presence of substance use disorders problems. Many clinical staff members have never taken an academic course focused on this treatment issue or have done little by way of continuing education on this topic, so they may lack the knowledge, skills, and aptitudes related to the provision of helpful comprehensive care and consequently make the error of focusing exclusively on the substance use disorders related behaviors.     

浅谈电磁场的屏蔽

三种屏蔽电磁场的经典方法和原理以及缺点,提出用超导体完全屏蔽电场,磁场和电磁场的可能性,最后比较电磁场和万有引力场的局部屏蔽的原理和方法。     

2—4岁儿童视力筛查方法的研究

本研究的目的是建立一种适用于社区保健系统的２—４岁儿童视力的筛查测验。本研究对我们编制的儿童视力筛查测验的可行性、信度、效度等方面进行了检验和分析。本测验的部分项目是从ＡＴＹＣＡＲ视觉测验中选择的，部分是自己设计的。选择玩具、图卡和小物体作为视标，令儿童匹配，观察行为表现，作为视觉反应的指标。结果表明，此测验具有较高的信度、效度和可行性，同时也适用于不能配合其它视觉测验的儿童。可用于我国城、乡地区的保健系统进行儿童视力筛查，使视力障碍儿童得到进一步诊断和干预。     

Listening to the voices of children: an illuminative evaluation of the teaching of early reading in the light of the phonics screening check

The phonics screening check (PSC) was introduced in England in 2012 for children in Year 1. There have been criticisms in relation to its reliability and appropriateness as an assessment tool for early reading although supporters of the PSC see it as a valuable tool in securing progress in reading. The DfE‐funded evaluation concluded, however, that it “did not find any evidence of improvements in pupils' literacy performance, or in progress, that could be clearly attributed to the introduction of the PSC”. This article reports some of the findings from a doctoral study that sought to illuminate the voices of those most affected by the PSC: children in Year 1 and their teachers. The study used an illuminative evaluation methodology (Kushner, 2017) and focused on a range of schools in a large city, selected for their diversity in relation to attainment data (PSC and reading) and socio‐economic status. The findings demonstrate the negative backwash from the assessment process which has influenced the way that phonics is taught and so raises some questions for teachers and policy‐makers about the approach to the teaching of early reading in the light of the PSC.     

Offshore and onsite placement testing for English pathway programmes

English language programmes provide established pathways for international students seeking university admission in countries such as Australia and the United Kingdom. In order to refer international applicants to appropriate levels and durations of English language support prior to matriculation into their main course of study, pathway providers need effective and efficient language assessment tools. This report evaluates the effectiveness of an online vocabulary knowledge test as an index of English proficiency for university English pathway programme applicants (N = 177). The Timed Yes/No (TYN) test measures vocabulary recognition size and speed in a time- and resource-effective format. Test results were correlated with performance on a comprehensive placement test consisting of speaking, writing, reading and listening components. The predictive validity of word recognition accuracy (a proxy for size) and response time (a measure of efficiency) for placement test outcomes were examined independently and in combination. The TYN test scores’ sensitivity at predicting comprehensive placement test scores were assessed using a cut-score analysis resulting in an identification accuracy rate ranging from 76 to 86% for five critical band scores. The potential use of the online vocabulary-screening test for measuring international students’ English language proficiency is discussed in terms of reliability, validity, speed, usability and cost-effectiveness in onsite and offshore testing conditions.     

基于XGBoost的搜索结果智能排序系统

针对传统基于模型的搜索引擎排序及特征获取慢、非数值特征处理复杂等问题,提出一种基于XGBoost的搜索结果智能排序模型。基于XGBoost算法构建排序模型,使用独热编码和Apriori算法对非数值特征进行处理和筛选,利用Redis对用户和商家特征数据进行缓存,通过并行预测的方式加快模型预测商家得分速度,最后利用XGBoost自带的模型评价函数对最终训练出来的模型进行评估,结果显示模型预测准确率为0.76,说明模型给符合用户偏好的商家打出了较高的分数。其中在训练集上的AUC为0.72,在测试集上的AUC为0.69,两者相差不大,表明模型没有出现明显的过拟合现象,而且准确率较高,可用于构建商家排序模型。     

口袋公园景观评价体系构建研究

科学合理的评价体系是口袋公园景观建设的重要前提和基础。 基于统计分析法和层次分析法(AHP)对口袋公园景观评价指标进行筛选、验证和权重计算。 结果表明:运用SPSS-AMOS 软件和相关统计分析方法从29 项初选指标中筛选出15 项客观、典型、全面的评价指标,并通过信效度检验?准则层的权重排序为“社会文化”“行为心理”“美学”“生态”?各指标层中最重要的因子分别是“风格明晰且统一”“微气候舒适度”“空间利用率高”“场所认同感及归属感”。 该研究为今后科学、系统地进行口袋公园景观设计提供了参考依据。     

豆豉中蛋白酶高产菌筛选及产酶条件的研究

为了提高微生物蛋白酶的发酵水平,从豆豉中筛选蛋白酶高产菌株并研究其产酶条件。采用平板透明圈法和摇瓶发酵法进行筛选,获得一株蛋白酶高产菌株DC17。通过菌体形态观察、生理生化特征分析和16S rDNA鉴定,菌种DC17被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。利用小型发酵罐对菌株DC17进行蛋白酶发酵研究,确定了最佳的碳源、氮源、温度、pH及时间分别是可溶解性淀粉、牛肉膏、30℃、7.0和36 h。在最佳条件下,发酵液中的蛋白酶活力可达950 U/mL。