Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosities of Binary Mixture of Diethyl Carbonate ＋ Ethanol at Different Temperatures

Densitiesandviscositiesofliquidmixturesareimportantbothinpracticeandtheory.Inpractice,densitiesarenecessaryinalotofchemicalengineer ingcalculations(i.e.dimensionofstoragedeposits,designofcondensersandboilers,etc.)andalsoin determiningthedynamicviscosity.Thelatterisre quiredintheresolutionofmanyengineeringproblemsinvolvingheattransfer,masstransferandfluidflow.Intheory,density,excessvolumeandviscositycanbeusedtostudytheinteractionspresentinmixtures,suchasdispersionforces,hydrogenbondinginterac t…     

“NSB”组合配方对油菜籽产量和品质的影响

分别在油菜的蕾苔期、初花期喷施一定浓度的植物生长调节剂萘乙酸、微量元素锶和硼的混合配方，可以有效地促进植株生长发育；增强油菜光合作用；提高油菜花蜜腺的泌蜜量；同时，主花序有效长度增长；分枝部位降低；千粒重和角果数增加；发病率降低，从而使油菜籽产量增加１２％以上；含油率增加４％以上；品质显著改善。微量元素增加；其中锶增加最为明显。     

碳酸盐岩酸化压裂力学性质劣化效应试验

为了模拟井下压裂作用下胶凝酸和清洁酸作用时的碳酸盐岩破裂机制,了解两种酸液体系作用后的强度劣化效应,进行了拟三轴岩石力学试验以及3-D扫描。试验结果表明:与胶凝酸反应后,碳酸盐岩弹性模量、泊松比和抗压强度均呈降低趋势,其中泊松比降低幅度明显,酸蚀90 min时,降幅达到18.15%;与清洁酸反应后,碳酸盐岩弹性模量、抗压强度在酸蚀初始阶段小幅提高,当酸蚀时间达到90 min后,两者降幅分别为21.04%及23.55%,泊松比降幅为4.36%,岩石力学性质劣化效应明显,脆性指数升高12.09%;与胶凝酸反应90 min后,碳酸盐岩的脆性指数提高58.56%,破裂压力呈下降趋势;与清洁酸反应后,裂缝壁面粗糙程度明显降低,裂缝导流能力呈降低趋势。酸压后的力学性质劣化特征可为酸化压裂设计及参数优化提供基础数据。     

碳酸氢铵法制备活性氧化锌的理论研究

研究了用碳酸氢铵法由次氧化锌制备活性氧化锌的热力学，中间体碱式碳酸锌的主要组成，碱式碳酸锌热分解的温度及形貌。     

Electrical conductivity of melts: implications for conductivity anomalies in the Earth's mantle

Magmatic liquids, including silicate and carbonate melts, are principal agents of mass and heat transfer in the Earth and terrestrial planets, and they play a crucial role in various geodynamic processes and in Earth''s evolution. Electrical conductivity data of these melts elucidate the cause of electrical anomalies in Earth''s interior and shed light on the melt structure. With the improvement in high-pressure experimental techniques and theoretical simulations, major progress has been made on this front in the past several decades. This review aims to summarize recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies on the electrical conductivity of silicate and carbonate melts of different compositions and volatile contents under high temperature and pressure. The electrical conductivity of silicate melts depends strongly on temperature, pressure, water content and the ratio of non-bridging oxygens to tetrahedral cations (NBO/T). By contrast, the electrical conductivity of carbonate melts exhibits a weak dependence on temperature and pressure due to their fully depolymerized structure. The electrical conductivity of carbonate melts is higher than that of silicate melts by at least two orders of magnitude. Water can increase electrical conductivity significantly and reduce the activation energy of silicate melts. Conversely, this effect is weak for carbonate melts. In addition, the replacement of alkali-earth elements (Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺) with alkali elements causes a significant decrease in the electrical conductivity of carbonate melts. A distinct compensation trend is revealed for the electrical conductivity of silicate and carbonate melts under anhydrous and hydrous conditions. Several important applications of laboratory-based melt conductivity are introduced in order to understand the origin of high-conductivity anomalies in the Earth''s mantle. Perspectives for future studies are also provided.     

无水K2CO3催化合成α-呋喃丙烯酸

以呋喃甲醛和乙酸酐为原料,采用Perkin反应合成α-呋喃丙烯酸,并对影响产物产率的因素进行了研究．结果表明,α-呋喃丙烯酸最佳的合成条件为：n（呋喃甲醛）：n（无水K2CO3）：n（乙酸酐）=1：0．56：2．33,在150℃下回流反应30min,α-呋喃丙烯酸产率可达71．6％．产物的结构用FT—IR进行了确证．     

无水K2CO3催化合成苯偶姻乙酸酯

以VB1为催化剂,苯甲醛为原料,通过安息香缩合反应得苯偶姻,再以无水K2CO3为催化剂,苯偶姻和乙酸酐通过酸酐醇解反应合成苯偶姻乙酸酯,研究了反应时间、碳酸钾、苯偶姻与乙酸酐的投料比对产品产率的影响．结果表明最佳的反应条件为：n（碳酸钾）：n（苯偶姻）：n（乙酸酐）=1：2：10,在70℃水浴中回流反应60min,获得的苯偶姻乙酸酯产率高达96．1％,并通过IR和^1HNMR对苯偶姻乙酸酯的结构进行了表征．     

掺杂Al2O3对BSTO/MgO铁电陶瓷的影响

在钛酸锶钡(BSTO)与质量分数为55%的MgO混合的基础上,进行了Al2O3掺杂的系统研究.随Al2O3掺入量的增加,BSTO/MgO材料的介电常数减小明显,损耗先减少后增多,调谐性先增大后减小,但过量的Al2O3掺杂使得材料的调谐性降低.当Al2O3掺杂量为mol(Al2O3)=0.5%时,介电损耗达到最小,为2.0×10-3(10KHz),介电常数调谐性达14.1%(4kV/mm).利用电介质理论分析了Al2O3对BST/MgO材料介电性质的改性机理.     

The effect of chalk on the finger–hold friction coefficient in rock climbing

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chalk on the friction coefficient between climber's fingers and two different rock types (sandstone and limestone). The secondary purpose was to investigate the effects of humidity and temperature on the friction coefficient and on the influence of chalk. Eleven experienced climbers took part in this study and 42 test sessions were performed. Participants hung from holds which were fixed on a specially designed hang board. The inclination of the hang board was progressively increased until the climber's hand slipped from the holds. The angle of the hang board was simultaneously recorded by using a gyroscopic sensor and the friction coefficient was calculated at the moment of slip. The results showed that there was a significant positive effect of chalk on the coefficient of friction (+18.7% on limestone and +21.6% on sandstone). Moreover sandstone had a higher coefficient of friction than limestone (+15.6% without chalk, +18.4% with chalk). These results confirmed climbers' belief that chalk enhances friction. However, no correlation with humidity/temperature and friction coefficient was noted which suggested that additional parameters should be considered in order to understand the effects of climate on finger friction in rock climbing.     

十水碳酸钠绿色利用的研究现状

综述了十枢碳酸钠的产生与绿色利用现状,并从工业生态学、循环经济及清洁生产角度指出进一步工作的方向.