试论英汉结构歧义的共性

结构歧义普遍存在于英汉两种语言中,以现代句法理论的部分分析方法为基点对英汉结构歧义之间的共性进行探讨,以期为语言共性的存在提供进一步的实证资料.     

高校教师工作价值观与组织承诺等相关变量的关系研究

本文运用相关分析、方差分析的方法,探讨了人口学变量（性别、年龄、职称和高校类型）对教师工作价值观的影响。同时运用结构方程建模的方法,利用自编的教师工作价值观量表和其他标准化量表考察了工作价值观与组织承诺、工作满意度、工作绩效、离职倾向的关系。结果显示,工作价值观能直接影响组织承诺的相关维度,也能直接提高教师的工作满意度,组织承诺能有效提高工作满意度,组织承诺和工作满意度又能显著降低离职倾向。     

利用CAXA电子图板分析正等轴测图

用CAXA电子图板软件,由物体的正等轴测图的形成原理入手,绘制出视图并直接测量出精度为1×10-7mm的轴向伸缩系数的大小以及轴测轴对于投影面的倾斜角.此法简单易懂,对于学生来说,比复杂的数学推导过程更容易接受.     

塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系裂缝储层发育特征及预测

裂缝是塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积的重要渗流通道和储集空间,因此裂缝研究对油气藏开发具有重要意义。利用岩心、测井等资料对裂缝识别,选择裂缝相关参数（如线密度及充填性等）予以统计,研究塔中地区裂缝发育垂向及平面分布规律。结合裂缝发育规律,研究裂缝发育受岩性、层厚、断层及岩溶的影响关系。主要基于地质统计方法,预测塔中地区奥陶系裂缝发育的有利区带集中在主要断裂带附近及断裂带交汇处。预测的有利区带与其他方法如三维有限元数值模拟方法预测的区带一致。     

特种加工及其对机械制造结构工艺性的影响

特种加工作为先进制造技术中的重要组成部分,对制造业的作用日益重要.特种加工方法就是将电、磁、声、光、化学等能量或其组合施加在工件的被加工部位上,从而实现材料被去除、变形、改变性能或被镀覆等的加工方法.特种加工具有区别于传统机械加工方法的一些特点;特种加工有多种加工方法;特种加工对机械制造及结构工艺性具有重大影响.     

新谐音现象特征分析

谐音同以往相比有了很大的差别,具有变形体代替原形体、具体代替抽象、主观色彩强烈、词族化、被动谐音、虚构谐音等特点。及时记录整理解释这种特点对于后人正确地理解词义有重要意义。     

Changes in the Multi‐Level Effects of Socio‐Economic Status on Reading Achievement in Sweden in 1991 and 2001

This study examines the changes in educational inequality at the school‐ and individual‐levels in 1991 and 2001. Comparisons are made between the IEA Reading Literacy Study 1991 and the so called 10‐Year Trend Study in PIRLS 2001. The between‐school differences in reading achievement variance and the size of the relationship between SES and reading achievement at school‐level are the two main focuses. Applying a two‐level structural equation modeling technique, it was found that the between‐school differences in reading achievement were greater in RLS 2001 than in RLS 1991, and the school SES effect has been strengthened over time. These changes indicate that educational inequality in Sweden has increased over time. Some possible explanations to these changes are discussed with reference to school reforms and demographic changes.     

Group size and organisational conditions for children’s learning in preschool: a teacher perspective

Background:?There is a limited amount of research about group size in preschool, and how it impacts on teachers’ working conditions and their ability to support children’s learning and knowledge development in line with curriculum intentions.

Purpose:?From a perspective on quality, this article examines the organisational conditions for children’s learning in preschool in relation to group size. The questions at issue are: how do teachers explain how they organise the child group and the learning environment in preschool, and why?

Sample:?The sample consists of 12 preschools from different parts of Sweden. The preschools selected for the study are stratified in order to represent small and large group sizes in Swedish preschools as defined by the Swedish National Agency for Education. The sample contains both urban and rural regions and represents districts that differ geographically, demographically, ethnically, and which include varied socioeconomic structures. The 12 preschools had children in three age groupings: 1–3, 3–5 or 1–5. The number of children in the participating preschools ranged from 12 children to 45 children, with seven of the preschools having more than 30 children in their groups.

Design and method:?The article is based on interactionist perspectives, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, a critical ecology of the early childhood profession, theories of children’s learning, and four dimensions of pedagogical quality. Together, these theoretical perspectives contribute to an understanding of the relationships between policy issues, educational goals, group size and teachers’ competence in organising and creating conditions for children’s learning. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two teachers from each of the 12 preschools. The interviews lasted between 40–60 minutes and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analytical process was conducted in three steps and can be described as an analytical process of abduction. The four dimensions of pedagogical quality were used as analytical lenses to discern and understand critical aspects related to the teachers’ understanding of group size.

Result: Irrespective of group size, most of the children participate in different group constellations throughout the day, some organised by the teachers and some by the children themselves. Teachers’ competence to organise the children in such ways that good conditions for learning were created, differed between preschools, and depended on the teachers’ approach, which can be described as either intentional or unintentional learning.

Conclusion: Teachers’ organisational approaches influence the quality of the preschool and conditions for children’s learning in distinct ways.     

The Index of Forecasting Efficiency,for the Case of a “True” Criterion

A variety of personal characteristics have been shown to be influential in teacher-student relationships. The sex of the child as well as the appropriateness of his behavior were the factors evaluated in this study. An analysis of the results indicated that sex-inappropriate behavior was viewed less favorably than sex-appropriate behavior. A discussion of the results was presented with regard to support for previous studies and implications for future research.     

The relationship between teacher’s autonomy support and students’ autonomy and vitality

Abstract

Within education, some teachers’ interpretation of professionalism emphasizes conformity to the perceived norms of collective associations. Unprofessional behaviour, often equated with ‘unethical’ behaviour, is seen by many to be that which threatens solidarity and loyalty to colleagues. Informal norms typified by casual collegial relations as well as more formal attachments to organized unions or teachers’ federations exert a significant influence on individuals’ behaviour within the group. Professional ethics, in this sense, become concerned primarily with how one relates to colleagues rather than how one fulfils moral responsibilities to students. Qualitative findings from interviews with elementary and secondary school teachers suggest that, as a result of an ethic of collegial loyalty, some teachers experience personal moral and ethical dilemmas that they find difficult to resolve. Some respondents acknowledged that this can enable serious situations to be ignored or ‘covered up’. This paper examines some of the tensions and dilemmas experienced by teachers and raises questions about the ethical adequacy of defining professionalism in terms of inter‐colleague behaviour.