Team-based learning in anatomy: an efficient, effective, and economical strategy

Team-based learning (TBL) strategy is being adopted in medical education to implement interactive small group learning. We have modified classical TBL to fit our curricular needs and approach. Anatomy lectures were replaced with TBL that required preparation of assigned content specific discussion topics (in the text referred as "discussion topics"), an individual self-assessment quiz (IRAT), analysis of the discussion topics, and then the team retaking the same quiz (GRAT) for discussion and deeper learning. Embryology and clinical correlations were given as lectures. Unit examinations consisted of graded IRAT and GRAT. The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Subject Examination was the comprehensive final examination. To evaluate the effect of TBL on student performance we compared the departmental and NBME subject examination scores between the traditional and TBL curricula. We collected five years of data on student performance in TBL-based anatomy and lecture-based preclinical courses. Our results show that departmental and NBME subject examination scores for TBL-based anatomy were higher than those for lecture-based anatomy. We subsequently compared average NBME scores for anatomy with those in other preclinical courses that were lecture-based. Average NBME anatomy scores were significantly higher than those for all the lecture-based preclinical courses. Since the introduction of TBL in anatomy, student performance has progressively improved in the NBME subject examination. Students perceived TBL as a motivator to be a responsible team member and to contribute to collective learning by the team. Further, it reinforced self-directed learning and fostered an appreciation for peer respect. Interestingly, these perceptions were uniform irrespective of student course performance.     

The virtual anatomy laboratory: usability testing to improve an online learning resource for anatomy education

An increasing number of instructors are seeking to provide students with online anatomy resources. Many researchers have attempted to identify associations between resource use and student learning but few studies discuss the importance of usability testing in resource design and modification. Usability testing provides information about ease of use and resource flexibility and indicates navigational issues that contribute to extraneous cognitive load for the user. An example of usability testing for modification of an online anatomy resource called the "Virtual Lab" is presented. Usability testing was used to determine whether increased content would impair navigation through the interface. Subjects with varying levels of experience with anatomy content were recruited to assess efficiency and effectiveness (defined by usability standards) of the original resource and of the redesigned resource. Comparisons between usability evaluation of the original "Virtual Lab" (OVL) and of the redesigned "Virtual Lab" (RVL) revealed that subjects were better able to successfully complete tasks using the RVL than they were with the OVL. Results also demonstrated that subjects did not take significantly more time to successfully complete tasks with the RVL. Additionally, usability testing revealed that subjects were able to successfully complete tasks using the RVL regardless of whether they possessed prior experience with anatomy content or not. Results of this study suggest that the modified resource is more effective for users. The example presented here underscores the need for usability testing prior to resource implementation and whenever significant changes are made to a resource interface.     

从组织环境理论看高校学生党支部的职能演变

以组织环境理论为视角,通过对改革开放以来的学生党支部的职能演变的简要梳理,认为学生党支部的职能发挥受到中央关于党建的总体思想和方针政策的宏观环境、高校管理体制的中观环境,以及高校内学生组织生态结构的微观环境的共同影响,在此基础上概括了当前学生党支部的核心职能。结合近年来北京大学社会学系加强学生党支部建设的实践经验,提出支部更好地发挥自身核心职能的政策建议。     

高校大学生课外体育锻炼的调查研究——以天津市普通高校为例

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,对天津市17所普通高校的4 026名在校大学生参加课外体育锻炼的态度;动机;参加锻炼的时间与次数;锻炼的形式;喜欢的体育项目;体育消费;影响课外体育锻炼的因素等进行了研究。在汇总大量数据的基础上得出的结论对了解普通高校大学生课外体育锻炼现状有一定的参考作用。     

我国中学生短跑力量训练的肌肉生理特征分析

对我国中学生力量训练的肌肉生理特征进行分析。结果表明,额外的短跑力量训练任务对处于人体生长发育特殊阶段的中学生的生长发育、身体组织的构造及运动能力都会产生较大影响;力量训练的方法、手段和肌群的选择,时间序列的安排要适合中学阶段的跨度和训练周期中的阶段要求;针对性地发展相应肌肉类型的ATP-CP和乳酸能供能系统的工作能力;注重恢复的必要性及有效性。     

苏北农村中小学生家庭成长环境对身心健康的影响

通过调查,对苏北农村中小学生所处的家庭环境进行分析：父母受教育程度、家庭经济、家庭作业、营养都是影响农村中小学生身心健康的主要因素;卫生习惯、家庭关系等因素对农村中小学生的健康成长也有着不同程度的影响。     

重邮2008级女大学生体质健康现状调查分析

本文运用文献资料法、测试法和统计分析法,通过对重庆邮电大学2008级非体育专业的女大学生,从身高、体重、50米跑、800米跑、肺活量、握力几个指标进行测试,然后与全国女大学生进行分析比较,找出差距,为制定教学大纲和教学改革提供理论依据.     

山东省部分师范类高校女生身体素质发展情况的调查研究

本文运用文献法、调查法和数理统计等多种研究方法,以山东省六所师范类高校大学女生为研究对象,对高校女生身体素质现状进行了调查研究。研究结果表明当前师范类大学女生身体素质存在下降趋势。最后本文针对学生身体素质存在的问题提出了相应的建议。     

广州市青少年残疾学生参与体育的现状调查与分析

采用文献法和问卷调查法,对广州市8所特殊中学的359名在校学生进行了调查,分析了青少年残疾学生参与体育的现状、影响因素,并提出了相应的发展建议。     

中学生课间双节棍广播操推广的可行性研究

中学生课间操使用双节棍可提高学生锻炼的兴趣,增强学生的体质健康水平,形成健康意识和终身体育观;能更好地传承民族传统文化,丰富学生校园文化生活。文章经过对双节棍广播操试运行实施状况进行分析研究,结果表明双节棍广播操对学生的身心健康有很大的帮助,建议向全国中小学＂阳光大课间操＂进行推广。