Reasonable expectations of privacy

Use of the concept of `areasonable person and his or her expectations'is widely found in legal reasoning. This legalconstruct is employed in the present article toexamine privacy questions associated withcontemporary information technology, especiallythe internet. In particular, reasonableexpectations of privacy while browsing theworld-wide-web and while sending and receivinge-mail are analyzed.     

Adopting a toolkit to manage time,resources, and expectations in the systematic review process: a case report

Background:The proliferation of systematic reviews has impacted library operations and activities as librarians support, collaborate, and perform more tasks in the systematic review process. This case report describes a toolkit that librarians with extensive experience in supporting multiple review teams use to manage time, resources, and expectations in the systematic review process.Case Presentation:The toolkit is a compilation of documents that we use to effectively communicate with and help review teams understand and navigate each stage of the systematic review process. Elements included in the toolkit and discussed in this case report are intake forms, communication templates and memoranda, a process flow diagram, library guides on tools for retrieval and data appraisal, and established standards for guidance during the write-up stage. We describe the use of the toolkit for both education and project management, with a focus on its use in helping manage team time, resources, and expectations.Discussion:The systematic review toolkit helps librarians connect systematic review steps and tasks to actionable items. The content facilitates and supports discussion and learning by both librarians and team members. This toolkit helps librarians share important information and resources for each stage of the process.     

初中化学学业评价及命题改革回顾与展望

在21世纪基础教育课程改革的推进过程中,义务教育化学课程标准的“评价建议”逐渐呈现出新的特点,学业评价及命题实践也随之发生了令人振奋的新变化。为贯彻落实《中国教育现代化2035》的新精神,《义务教育化学课程标准(2011年版)》的修订工作已经启动,广大初中化学教师对构建核心素养导向的初中化学学业评价及命题的新制度、新体系充满新的期待。     

Does teachers’ ethnic bias stress them out? The role of teachers’ implicit attitudes toward and expectations of ethnic minority students in teachers’ burnout

Research on diversity-related burnout has led to a variety of mixed findings. Several factors have been investigated that may come into play in this relationship (e.g., ethnic school composition). In this study, the hypothesis is that the experience of burnout may result from teachers’ own implicit attitudes and expectations towards ethnic minority students, which are usually negative, rather than explicit prejudices, which are found to be positive Two different implicit measures (Implicit Association Test and Relational Responding Task) and a scale to assess ethnic prejudices have been used. Implicit attitudes toward ethnic minority students and implicit expectations of students’ performance were both negative, but only implicit attitudes predicted teachers’ burnout. Explicit prejudice was low and did not predict burnout. These results highlight the role of teachers’ ethnic implicit attitudes towards ethnic minority students in their own well-being. Future research should further investigate this relationship to get a better understanding of how implicit aspects are involved in the development of burnout.     

简论教师期望理论及其在体育教学中的应用

教师期望是一种无形的、巨大的教育力量．其实现过程分为四个方面,作为一名体育教师应使自己对学生的期望富有弹性,用发展的观点去期望学生并信任学生．在体育教学中,应采取多种措施,促进学生适当的、积极的教师期望的形成,从而有效地提高体育教学质量．     

社会对高职环境艺术设计专业“双师型”教师期待值探究

加强环境艺术设计专业“双师型”教师队伍的建设,特别是要拥有一支高素质、能适应现代的设计发展和达到更为有效的教学要求的“双师型”教师队伍,这是高职环境艺术设计专业可持续发展的关键所在。     

对青少年的期望：质化研究与量化研究的结合

访谈了中学教师32人、中学生58人、家长21人对青少年的期望。结合质化和量化两种研究取向,对三个群体所持期望的异同进行比较分析,得出结果发现：不同群体对青少年的期望都包括了人格发展、知识能力、人际关系和身体外貌四个大的类属。除了身体外貌之外,其余三个大类属下面分别包含了五个小的类属。三个群体中,青少年更强调人格发展,对知识能力、人际关系和身体外貌三个方面的强调较少;父母更强调知识能力、人际关系和身体外貌,对人格发展强调得最少;教师则处于中间位置;并对各大类属下的小类属进行了异同比较。     

Time to confront Willis’s lads with a ballet class? A case study of educational orthodoxy and white working‐class boys

This is a retrospective study tracing the longer term effects on identity and aspiration of white working‐class boys from an area of high social deprivation. The boys were members of an acclaimed boys’ dance company and have been retrospectively interviewed as young men in their twenties. Documentary and film material dating from the time they were 14 year olds and the film Billy Elliot were used in the interviews. A media discourse driven by a view of boys ‘in crisis’ that is blind to social class and the difficulties faced by some girls was uncovered. This is found to pervade the entire Billy Elliot discourse, which focused on the sensation of a boy performing ballet rather than on the class background and historical context of the miners’ dispute. The paper questions the discourse of laddishness and the social identity that is attached to the term ‘lad’.     

What are secondary students’ expectations for teachers in virtual school environments?

A recent evaluation of the new North Carolina Virtual Public School (NCVPS) in the USA revealed numerous expectations for virtual school teachers from secondary students. Specifically, students expected their teachers to actually teach rather than moderate a course shell, supplement course shells with content and projects that illustrate relevance, provide for both content and peer interaction, and respond to questions and provide feedback quickly. The data suggest a possible content‐related interaction where a limited course shell can be bolstered by a proactive teacher, but potentially flounder among teachers who do not expect or know how to supplement an online course. Data further suggest a potential communication‐related interaction where increased opportunities for student–student and student–teacher interaction could potentially decrease the actual or perceived need for individualized attention that is particularly challenging for virtual teachers to provide. These results can be used to establish teacher expectations and design professional development experiences that prepare teachers to undertake divergent roles unique to online instruction.     

多学科视野中的高校师生关系分析——博士生导师为博士生支付科研津贴合理性的质疑

从法学、经济学、社会学、政治学、历史学和教育学等不同学科的基本原理出发,系统分析高等学校教师和学生之间的关系可见：将博士生的部分受教育成本转嫁到教师肩上,缺乏理性基础。因此,必须改革目前的博士生培养制度,让教师全身心投入到博士生的培养工作中去,提高博士生的培养质量。