课外补习与儿童人力资本——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析

课外补习在全球范围内的风靡,引起了众多学者的关注,而相较于我国课外补习发展的盛况,有关研究还稍显不足.本文基于新人力资本理论的视角,利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)基线调查数据,分析了补习对认知能力和非认知能力的影响.研究发现:1.补习能有效提高儿童认知能力,但学科之间存在差异.2.适度补习可以提高儿童非认知能力,但过...     

论经济周期与信息周期理论

经济周期是指经济活动中的循环往复周期性的繁荣和萧条,经济周期超越经济体制和经济发展阶段,它普遍存在于世界范围内所有的经济现象中。经济周期的研究至今已有200多年的历史,其理论演变可以分为4个时期,分别是古典经济周期理论,新古典经济周期理论,凯恩斯经济周期理论和现代经济周期理论,其中信息周期理论是现代周期理论新兴理论。发现并掌握经济周期的规律是宏观经济学的一个主要内容,对国家宏观经济建设至关重要。     

体育教师角色期望与角色融合研究

研究表明：学生与教师、教师、与行政领导对体育教师角色期望是又红又专,体育教师的敬业精神、责任心与专业素质是完成体育教师任务的必备条件。当前,体育教师流失现象较为严重,促进体育教师角色融合,需要外部条件进一步改善,即提高体育教师职业声望。经济收入是促进体育教师角色融合程度的有效途径。体育教师角色融合程度高低还取决于社会、学校的激励机制。     

Risky behaviors and educational attainment among young Mexican-origin mothers: The role of acculturative stress and the educational aspiration–expectation gap

The current longitudinal study examined how Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ (N = 204) reports of acculturative stress during late adolescence were associated with their educational attainment and engagement in risky behaviors in young adulthood, 4 years post-partum; we also examined whether this association was mediated by discrepancies between adolescents’ educational aspirations and expectations. Findings revealed that mothers’ greater reports of stress regarding English competency pressures and pressures to assimilate were associated with a larger gap between their aspirations and expectations. Mothers’ reports of greater stress from pressures against assimilation, however, were associated with a smaller gap between aspirations and expectations. As expected, a larger gap between aspirations and expectations was associated with lower educational attainment and increased engagement in risky behaviors. Finally, significant mediation emerged, suggesting that the influence of stress from English competency pressures and pressures to assimilate on young mothers’ educational attainment and engagement in risky behaviors was mediated through the aspiration–expectation gap. Findings are discussed with respect to understanding discrepancies between young mothers’ aspirations and expectations in the context of acculturative stress.     

Teacher behavior as a mediator of the relationship between teacher judgment and students' motivation and emotion

The study examines whether teacher behavior is a mediator of the relationship between teacher judgment and students' motivation and emotion. Two hundred forty-six sixth grade students completed a standardized English test and answered a questionnaire on motivation, emotion, and perception of differential teacher behavior. Thirteen English teachers assessed students' test performance. Students underestimated in test performance showed lower motivation and emotion than students overestimated in test performance. The two student groups perceived differential teacher behavior. Teacher behavior mediated the relationship between performance judgments and students' motivation and emotion. A rethinking of teacher's behavior towards students might counter these undesirable tendencies.     

中国ESL学习者夸奖回复语用策略分析

夸奖回复言语行为本身具备两大矛盾特性,即认同夸奖者与避免自我表扬。本研究采用Holmes的夸奖回复策略分类法,对DCT所收集到的117名中国ESL学习者的夸奖回复话语数据进行分类比较,分析中国ESL学习者在应对外貌、所有物、学业成绩和才艺技能4种主题的夸奖时策略使用的差异性以及听话人的心理预期对其夸奖回复策略的影响,探究差异性产生的原因。     

国外关于教师期望与特殊儿童发展的研究综述

教师期望与特殊儿童发展的相关研究始于1968年并持续至今。教师期望与特殊儿童发展之间存在密切联系已成为共识。通过梳理国外已有关于教师对特殊儿童的期望及其影响因素的研究发现:尽管教师对不同类型的特殊儿童持不同期望,但期望值普遍偏低,对影响教师期望的因素探讨尚不丰富。为此,后续的研究领域为:深入探讨教师期望、教学行为与特殊儿童发展的关系,进一步探讨影响教师对特殊儿童期望的因素,尝试探索帮助教师构建对特殊儿童的合理期望的有效策略,开拓本土的研究。     

Male and female academics' gendered perceptions of academic work and career progression in China

This article explores the experiences of male and female academics in China's higher education system concerning career progression and examines how they perceive the challenges faced by the opposite gender. Our analysis of interviews with 40 academics from a research university revealed that academics' experience of career progression is informed by gendered divisions of labour at home and work and by gendered role expectations that are prevalent in Chinese culture. Female academics reported performing a disproportionate amount of household work: some felt satisfied with having moderately successful academic careers, whereas others aspired to do more but grappled with the difficulties of doing so. In contrast, male academics mentioned great pressure to pursue promotion and career progression: they reported feeling less work–family stress but were fearful of failing in their role as breadwinners. Male and female academics showed mixed comprehension of each other's plight, but in general, female academics recognised that male academics faced higher career expectations but lower household burdens, and male academics felt that female academics had lower career expectations and many more burdens and constraints. Male academics tended to stress biological and societal reasons for gender differences in Chinese academia, whereas female academics highlighted the power of cultural and social beliefs. We argue that the challenges faced by Chinese academics can only be mitigated if gender-specific promotion paths that recognise men's and women's social roles and obligations are made available.     

中国远洋鱿钓渔业发展现状与技术展望

远洋鱿钓渔业已发展成为中国远洋渔业单个种类捕捞产量最高的产业,结合全球资源量来看,鱿钓渔业还具有一定的发展空间。目前中国远洋鱿钓渔业在北太平洋渔场渔船数量呈下降趋势,以中小型企业生产为主;西南大西洋渔场渔船数量也呈现下降趋势,以大中型企业生产为主;东南太平洋渔场渔船数量不断增加,产量大幅攀升。中国远洋鱿钓渔业加工贸易方面主要通过在国内加工后再出口的模式运营。现阶段技术装备与人才支撑不足、产能发展无序与市场价格低迷、生产经营缺乏规范和引导、金融与后勤保障支持不足等方面仍是鱿鱼产业发展主要制约因素。考虑到科技在鱿钓渔业中的重要作用,应进一步通过集成鱿鱼资源变动规律、鱿鱼渔场环境特征、鱿鱼生产动态信息等资源完善远洋鱿钓渔业综合管理数字化服务平台,开展声诱捕捞技术、光场分布与鱿鱼行为、自动钓机等研究及通过鱿鱼加工与加工废弃物综合利用技术研发、技术标准修订与应用等,整体提升远洋鱿钓渔业科技水平。     

职业院校学生就业心理与就业对策研究

随着近年来国家和政府对职业院校办学的重视和支持,社会对人才的需求越来越倾向于实用型、技能型,这给职业院校学生就业带来一片曙光。可当前严峻的就业形势和激烈的竞争给大学生带来了很大的就业心理压力。本文通过对近年来职业院校学生就业情况分析,从主、客观方面透析了学生的就业心态,以及对其就业形成的影响,从而提出了对学生就业有帮助的一些对策研究。