功能性动作筛查的研究进展述评

对功能性动作筛查(FMS)的国内外研究进行梳理,理清其发展脉络与研究动态。可以认为:在FMS的有效性、一致性、准确性等方面研究成果较多,但有关各类人群损伤风险临界值的确定、评分标准及与个体运动能力的相关性等研究领域仍处于停滞状态。除部分专业运动员之外,不同职业或年龄人群的评估研究数量仍偏少,而且评价缺乏相应的标准。结论:需要明确不同人群的FMS评价标准,进一步检验其损伤风险评估的临界值,重视不同人群的评价得分与训练反馈信息,为完善与推广FMS提供理论参考。     

田径专项运动员运动损伤的危险因素研究

目的:分析田径运动员发生运动损伤的风险因素.方法:通过对136名男性田径运动员进行身体测试及运动损伤情况调查,测试内容包括:身高、体重、体成分、关节柔韧性、关节稳定性,在此基础上分析田径运动中发生运动损伤的危险因素.结果:胭绳肌拉伤的主要危险因素是年龄因素(OR值=1.31)和陈旧性损伤(OR值=9.81);而腹股沟部...     

Sex differences in elbow and wrist joint loading during the cartwheel and round off with different hand positions performed by young gymnasts

The aim of the study was to determine if sex differences exist in the key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different cartwheel (CW) and round-off (RO) techniques performed by young male and female artistic gymnasts. Sixteen active young gymnasts (8 males and 8 females) performed 30 successful trials of CW and RO with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2, technique × sex) and effect-sizes (ES) were used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, female gymnasts exhibited greater normalised peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF), elbow and wrist compression forces and elbow internal adduction moments during CW and RO skills compared with male gymnasts. In both sexes, the parallel and reverse techniques increased peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces and the elbow internal adduction moment. Increased elbow flexion resulted in decreased peak VGRF, elbow compression forces and elbow internal adduction moment. Injury risk factors including elbow extension and internal adduction moment with axial compression force suggest that a CW and RO in reverse and parallel techniques can be hazardous especially for young female gymnasts.     

Between-limb differences in running technique induces asymmetric negative joint work during running

Negative work, which is mainly generated by eccentric muscle contraction, has an important influence on the associated muscle damage. Generally, mechanical parameters are determined for one side of a lower extremity on the assumption of negligible between-limb differences. However, between-limb differences in the negative work of lower extremity joints during running remain unclear. This study examines between-limb differences in negative work and associated mechanical parameters during the contact phase of running. Twenty-five young adult males voluntarily participated in this study. Each participant was asked to run on a straight runway at a speed of 3.0?m?s^?1. Negative work, amplitude, duration of negative power, moment, and angular velocity were computed for both sides of the lower extremities. Significant differences were found in negative work between limbs for the hip (18.9?±?11.7%), knee (13.6?±?10.4%), and ankle (11.8?±?8.5%) joints. For the hip joint, asymmetric negative work was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude of negative power owing to a corresponding difference in the moment. The between-limb differences concerning the duration and amplitude of negative power could explain the asymmetric negative work in the knee joint. The asymmetric negative work of the ankle joint was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude and duration of the negative power and the moment. These results indicate that asymmetric negative work was generated in each lower extremity joint; however, the major mechanical parameters corresponding to the negative work are not the same across the joints.     

论思想政治工作中的人格魅力

人格魅力在思想政治工作中是一股非权力影响力,是思想政治工作者世界观、人生观、价值观的具体体现,是思想政治工作者做好思想政治工作的有效手段和法宝。人格魅力在思想政治工作中,具有说服、示范、凝聚、情感沟通等作用,在思想政治工作中可以通过加强政治修养、依靠能力征服、敢于大胆实践和发挥表率作用等途径来充分发挥人格魅力的作用。     

游泳运动员肩关节损伤的防治

分析探讨福建省游泳队运动员肩关节损伤发病率、损伤特点及防治体会,以利于我省游泳运动员肩关节伤病防治。     

民族传统体育项目“蹴球”运动损伤的调查与分析

对参加2006年湖北省第6届少数民族传统体育运动会的68名“蹴球”运动员和参加2006年浙江省第3届少数民族传统体育运动会的40名“蹴球”运动员共108名“蹴球”运动员的运动损伤进行调查。研究结果显示,“蹴球”运动损伤发生率很高,以大腿肌肉拉伤为主、其次是膝关节髌骨劳损病;局部负担过重、缺乏自我保护意识、技术动作问题和准备活动不充分等是造成损伤的主要原因;并提出了预防“蹴球”运动损伤的措施和建议。     

我国优秀自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员运动损伤的研究

通过文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查等研究方法对我国优秀空中技巧运动员运动损伤进行深入细致的研究,结果表明:我国优秀空中技巧运动员运动损伤的情况较为严重,运动损伤主要部位有腰部、膝部和踝部;运动损伤病以慢性为主,急性为辅;运动致伤的主要因素是身体素质不够、准备活动不当、技术要领不正确等原因。     

体育教师工作倦怠现状的调查与分析

工作倦怠产生于长期的工作压力,表现为情绪、态度和行为的衰退状态,将直接导致出现情绪衰竭、人格解体和低成就感。体育教师不仅担负着体育教学的任务,还承担着基础教育改革和发展及素质教育的伟大历史重任。关注体育教师工作倦怠的现状、消极影响,产生的根源与措施研究具有深远意义。     

溪谷运动的伤害及预防研究

对户外爱好都在进行溪谷运动实践时发生的伤害进行调查分析,总结该项运动伤害的发生率、伤害种类和原因等特点。并提出有效的预防措施,为开展溪谷运动提供依据。