BLUP法种猪遗传评定在加拿大

饲养在不同猪群的种猪，其生产性能的原始或校正的背膘和年龄数据是遗传和环境的混合，而我们要选择的是遗传部分而不是其所在饲养的环境。估计育种值(EBVs)是种用猪遗传价值的统计估计值，是猪遗传改良方案中的一种新遗传评定系统。它以猪个体性能和其亲属性能为基础，在其选择决策中考虑母猪或公猪家系，考虑性状的遗传力，群内遗传差异以及品种遗传趋势，然后通过最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)法来计算出EBVs。加拿大全国运用BLUP动物模型对猪生产成绩(100kg时的背膘和日龄)和母猪生产能力(产仔数)进行日常数据计算机处理后得到种猪遗传评定。种猪遗传改进的现行估计是每年背膘和日龄分别下降了0．35毫米和1．5天，这些进展比1985年应用BLUP法前背膘和日龄的下降快50％和200％。目前，对母猪的生产性状，胴体品质的遗传评定工作也已经着手研究。     

正确使用影响因子综合评价医学科技期刊

使用影响因子评价科技期刊存在的问题包括:以两年作为统计时限太短,统计源覆盖面有限,期刊及刊载论文的类别差异造成的不可比性,以及统计时易产生漏引、错引、自引等问题,在评价论文时容易将高影响因子期刊与高影响力论文混淆。探讨评价医学科技期刊时应从相关专业、方法学、编辑学、引文统计、独立机构的收录或评审及其他方面综合考虑。     

Key Concepts From Health Promotion Evaluations: What Psychology Needs to Know

Competing perspectives and debates about the meaning of health promotion and the best ways to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives that focus on enhancing wellness pervade the literature. Given the emergence of health promotion, the impetus for outcomes-based practice in psychology, and the push for evidence-based care in the health system (Thorogood & Coombes, 2000), demonstrations of value and effectiveness are fundamental to the sustainability of mental health promotion activities. Psychology (and counseling as a sub-set field) needs to place itself as a profession vital to the sustainability of wellness initiatives. This paper proposes that psychologists’ awareness and understanding of six key concepts from health promotion evaluation are essential for advancing psychology as a profession and enhancing applied practice for wellness initiatives. The key concepts include: formative, process and outcome evaluations, the qualitative/quantitative debate, the ecological nature, the participatory approach, the focus on community and the underlying philosophies of empowerment and utilization. The use of key concepts from health promotion evaluation strategies support psychologists to a) deal with issues of major public health importance and b) collaborate with other disciplines for the benefit of the public (Sartorius, 1999). Finally, this paper makes recommendations to secure psychology’s place as a vital contributor to future research directions in health promotion, in part because of adherence to the scientist-practitioner model.Whilst Psychology is the generic term used here to represent the broad field, counseling as a sub-set in the discipline is particularly relevant for the ideas and issues discussed. Rather than adding the sub-set qualifier each time the broad field is referred to, the reader in this context is encouraged to hold this perspective of the place of counseling in regard to psychology as they work through the materials presented.     

从新旧评估规则谈国家重点实验室建设

介绍了国家重点实验室评估规则修改的背景和进程,分析了新评估规则的变化和在新规则下国家重点实验室建设的对策,对国家重点实验室建设和评估有一定的参考意义。     

论全景式报告文学

全景式报告文学是中国社会改革开放和作家创新意识的产物；全景的含义包括全面描述和全面评价两个层面；全景式报告文学既有一定的优势，也存在某种不足。     

Evaluating efforts to enhance health and wellbeing in Scottish secondary schools

Curriculum for Excellence in Scotland outlines a policy vision of a more progressive, integrated and holistic form of education; a commitment which contains an obligation for health and well-being (HWB) to be a responsibility of all teachers. A critical policy analysis approach was utilized in order to review school-level progress in different stages of policy development, i.e. policy formulation, legitimation, implementation and evaluation. Evidence was collected through 15 semi-structured interviews with head teachers, teacher education academics and staff with national and local authority quality improvement remits. Questions focused on: aims and curriculum goals; school culture; learning and teaching; partnership relationships and evaluations of practice. Findings suggest a high degree of support for curriculum aims, however, there were often problems communicating policy expectations (policy formulation). Thus, despite impressive examples of innovative practice in relation to school ethos, wider achievement and pupils’ broader general education (policy legitimation), there were also examples of HWB being constrained by senior school examinations and the backwash effect this had on curriculum planning and engagement with interdisciplinary learning approaches (policy implementation/evaluation). These findings have implications in terms of policy to practice coherence as well as highlighting the need for further more specific research evaluations.     

中小学课程的改革与评价考试体系的完善

为了保证课程改革的成功,评价考试体系的改革必须同步进行。应辩证地看待传统的考试方法,批判地继承传统考试的优点,要充分利用课程改革的有利时机,对传统的中小学评价考试观进行改革,还要引进相应的现代评价考试理论和方法,树立以激励学生发展,发展学生专长的评价考试观,使用先进的评价考试技术方法,建立与课程改革相适应的评价考试体系,从而更好地促进课程改革的顺利进行。     

本科教学工作水平评估与学校整体办学实力的提升

本科教学工作水平评估是教育部依据《中华人民共和国高等教育法》,在赋予高校办学自主权的同时,进行宏观质量监控的一项重要措施。评估工作坚持“以评促建、以评促改、以评促管、评建结合、重在建设”的方针,其着眼点在建设,最终目的是推动和促进本科院校各项事业的发展,提升本科院校的整体办学实力。这对本科院校的改革、发展无疑具有非常重要的意义。     

21世纪中国的数学教学

本文探索了新世纪数学教学的目标、内容、组织形式和评价等方面的新趋势     

提高《教育评价》课程教学质量的探索

本文对如何提高<教育评价>课程教学质量提出了三个观点:一是加强<教育评价>课程教材建设;二是优化<教育评价>课程教学过程;三是开发<教育评价>课程操作平台.