法系视角下的证据能力冲突问题探析

证据能力是某种证据材料作为证据使用的资格,两大法系对证据能力的属性认识以及具体制度存在巨大差异,其原因在于不同法律文化背景和诉讼模式以及诉讼体制的制约,这种制约使证据能力的国际协调存在一定障碍。因此,对于证据能力冲突的解决应当主要依赖于冲突规范,冲突规范的设计应当充分考虑到诉讼法院在具体案件中所希望达到的目的、具体的证据能力规则在诉讼中所起到的作用以及冲突法的原则。     

Higher education students’ experiences of a short-term international programme: Exploring cultural competency and professional development

Background: Globalisation trends such as increased migration to and within European countries have led to even greater cultural diversity in European societies. Cultural diversity increases the demand of cultural competency amongst professionals entering their work field. In particular, healthcare professionals need knowledge and skills to equip them to work with clients from different cultural backgrounds. Within higher education (HE), the professional development of cultural competency should ideally feature in undergraduate education and is often promoted as a by-product of a study abroad period. However, recognising that logistical and financial barriers often exist for extended study abroad, one alternative approach could be participation, at home or abroad, in a short-term international programme set within students’ own HE institutions.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore HE students’ experiences of participating in international ‘short-term mobility week’ programmes at three European universities.

Methods: Each university involved in the research offered short-term programmes for healthcare professions students at their own institution, where both local students and students from abroad could participate. Participants were healthcare students in the programme at one of the three universities. Data were collected through focus group interviews (4–8 students per group; n = 25). The data were transcribed and then analysed qualitatively, using a content comparison method.

Results: The analysis identified six categories, which reflected students’ journeys within the short-term international experiences.

Conclusions: The analysis suggested that, for these students, engagement in a short-term mobility week programme provided valuable opportunities for encounters with others, which contributed to personal and professional development, greater confidence in the students’ own professional identities, as well as an increasing sense of cultural awareness.     

The Policy and Procedure Manual

This article outlines the differences between policies and procedures and why a manual for both is essential for the smooth and effective management of an information services department. A sample outline of typical areas covered in such a manual is also presented.     

从传统文化到现代精神:核心素养的哲学阐释与理论构建

核心素养是面向未来社会复杂变化提出的本土的育人目标概念,但其概念实质及区别于国际同类概念的中国内涵尚未得到充分挖掘,致使后续理论建构和教育实践无法按照概念提出的初衷推进。时代新人是核心素养依存的根基,并以人的实践生成论为切入点,揭示人的习性和符号特性融合而产生的文化习性,同核心素养概念所指的一致性。同时,核心素养契入人的生命活动中起根本作用的意义世界,确立以自由自觉实践创造属人世界的时代新人最高生活理想。最高理想与作为类存在物的人、社会角色、实践情境等主要因素的交互中,生成时代新人必须养成的愿、道与德三模块文化习性,即核心素养理论内核。     

论素养本位的知识教学——从“惰性知识”到“有活力的知识”

我国知识教学深陷"惰性知识"的困境,学生获得的知识仅能满足应试的需要,却难以在复杂的生活情境中灵活地迁移与运用。素养是运用知识、技能与态度解决不可预测情境的高级能力。回应素养时代的变革挑战,要求知识教学从"惰性知识"转向"有活力的知识"。实现"有活力的知识"与素养的生成,有必要理解知识教学的情境逻辑、重建知识教学的实践意义以及实现知识教学的个人维度。     

高中英语学业质量标准研究

高中英语课程改革的重点是提炼英语学科核心素养,并在此基础上调整课程内容和课程目标,制定学业质量标准,深化考试与评价改革。学业质量标准具有特别重要的意义:它既要基于核心素养和课程内容,指导教育教学过程,又要作为考试与评价的重要依据。笔者重点探讨研制高中英语学业质量标准的意义、在课程实施过程中学业质量标准的定位和功能。     

美国研究生STEM教育最新核心能力——政策脉络、标准框架及培养路径

美国研究生STEM教育核心能力框架为其高科技人才培养提供了理论基础。基于对《21世纪研究生STEM教育》报告中美国硕士与博士研究生STEM教育的最新核心能力分析,形成2项一级指标、4项二级指标和26项三级指标的最新核心能力标准框架。跨学科多元教育要素整合的内生路径和多元利益主体协作的外促路径,构成了美国研究生STEM教育核心能力培养路径。我国研究生教育亟需构建基于类型和专业的研究生核心能力框架;强化学科能力各要素的关系研究,完善专业能力的内容与考核机制;明确可转移能力的具体内容,制定多元的培养路径;立足协同多元利益主体,建立研究生核心能力联动培养机制。     

基于素质提升的创新创业教育课程体系研究

课程体系建设是创新创业教育的基础。文章基于创新创业素质提升视角,提出创新创业素质的核心要素,构建素质模型;基于素质提升路径,分析创新创业教育课程体系的构成,构建了理论课程内容体系。     

高职学生核心能力:概念、要素与基本特征——基于陕西省高职院校2097名学生的调查

当前,国内有关高职学生核心能力的理论和实践研究不足,核心能力概念要素的界定较为模糊,一定程度上影响了高职学生核心能力的提升。通过大量文献研究,结合我国高职教育发展的现状与特征,提出我国高职学生核心能力的概念和构成要素,设计高职学生核心能力的测量工具,并调查了陕西省6所高职院校的2097名学生,结果表明:当前我国高职学生核心能力水平不高,发展不均衡;学生核心能力存在明显的专业差异和生源差异。提升我国高职教育人才培养质量,促进学生核心能力发展需要健全体系,完善机制;在保持专业发展特色和优势的同时适当向弱势专业倾斜,全面推进;要通过调配资源,因材施教,促进学生全面发展。