Evaluation of the non‐formal forest education sector in the state of North Rhine‐Westphalia,Germany: organisations,programmes and framework conditions

Although a large number of different organisations offer various forest education programmes within Germany, specific information (i.e., sectoral and programme content and provision at a state level) is lacking. This study used a survey of all 61 forest education organisations (43 respondents) in the state of North Rhine‐Westphalia, Germany, to evaluate its forest education sector, with a specific focus on the organisations, demand for its services, forest educational programmes and framework conditions. Input from expert interviews was also used to develop recommendations. The study indicates that, especially with children as the main target group, many non‐formal programmes are offered to support the formal environmental education sector and to promote leisure activities in the forest. Yet, despite a high demand for forest education, low personnel resources restrict the number of visits and activities, principally owing to limited financial resource. We also discuss the provision of innovative new educational programmes and supplementary services, combined with increased quality management, that could be beneficial to the future development of the sector in NRW.     

屈赋“风”景研究

风作为一种自然现象,不同于山水花草树木之类的景物,它无形无色难以捉摸,因而较难行之于笔。但屈原写风却能得心应手,妙笔生花。风在他的笔下有声、有色、有姿、有神、有情,有的是充满力量的神格,有的又是妩媚多姿的自然事物。这些形形色色、多姿多彩的风既是先秦写景作品中的一朵奇葩,也是后代＂风景＂描写的一座丰碑。本文就拈出一个＂风＂字来研究,以管见屈子的写景艺术成就。     

六省(市)竞技体育重点项目后备人才发展现状研究

查阅文献资料,通过数理统计与逻辑分析认为,六省(市)竞技体育重点项目人才培养各有特色:广东人才总数量较多;一类重点项目中,山东有6个项目人数最多;三大球中,足球广东省人数较多,篮球辽宁省人数较多,排球山东省人数较多。第5届城运会与第9届全运会奖牌数相比江苏增长最快。     

Zero,single, or multi? Genre of web pages through the users’ perspective

The goal of the study presented in this article is to investigate to what extent the classification of a web page by a single genre matches the users’ perspective. The extent of agreement on a single genre label for a web page can help understand whether there is a need for a different classification scheme that overrides the single-genre labelling. My hypothesis is that a single genre label does not account for the users’ perspective. In order to test this hypothesis, I submitted a restricted number of web pages (25 web pages) to a large number of web users (135 subjects) asking them to assign only a single genre label to each of the web pages. Users could choose from a list of 21 genre labels, or select one of the two ‘escape’ options, i.e. ‘Add a label’ and ‘I don’t know’. The rationale was to observe the level of agreement on a single genre label per web page, and draw some conclusions about the appropriateness of limiting the assignment to only a single label when doing genre classification of web pages. Results show that users largely disagree on the label to be assigned to a web page.     

The ‘punk rock principal’: a metaphor for rethinking educational leadership

ABSTRACT

This paper advances an alternative leadership metaphor of ‘punk rock leadership’. I work through the usefulness of a metaphor of punk rock leadership as a way of exploring one principal's vision of leadership and his efforts to work outside of system expectations in his quest to achieve the school's goals. In doing so, I contribute to our wider understanding of the methodological process, affordances, and challenges of using metaphors to theorise empirical data. Empirically, this paper contributes to critical research into principals’ practices in times of change, and to notions of power and leadership discourses in schools.     

基于用户满意度的图像搜索引擎评价研究

根据用户满意度理论,构建了图像搜索引擎用户满意度测评理论模型和图像搜索引擎用户满意度评价指标体系。选择知名的图像搜索引擎Google、百度和Ditto,以问卷调查的方式,调查用户对此三个图像搜索引擎的满意度。     

自我效能感与体育院校学生英语自主学习能力的提高

分析了自我效能感对语言学习的影响,并针对体育院校大学生英语自主学习能力较低、学习效果差这一现状,提出英语教师应该努力转变角色,运用有效的教学策略,提高体育大学生的自我效能感,培养学生英语自主学习能力,提高体育院校英语教学效果。     

基于管理防御的企业投资短视行为的实验研究

国外研究成果已从理论上证明经理管理防御动机是导致企业投资短视行为的主要原因之一。但在企业中经理人员决策投资项目的真实动机是不可直接观察的,加之企业投资决策过程和资料的保密性,很难通过实证分析方法对管理防御与投资短视行为之间的关系进行研究。本文采取实验研究方法,通过制定标准实验流程与实验说明书,对210名实验参与者的实验数据进行统计分析,发现在我国不同类型企业中普遍存在着经理管理防御行为的动机,这种动机导致了企业的投资短视行为;而且随着经理能力下降和预期转换工作成本的提高,其管理防御程度呈上升趋势,投资短视行为更加显著。     

中、美、日中学地理课程的比较研究

本文选择世界上有代表性的美国，日本为比照国家，以国家之间地理课程的差异为立论的基本前提，运用描述法，比较法，地区差异分析法，对中、美、日课程设置，教学目的等内容进行分析比较研究；首先运用描述法描述中，美日中学地理课程的特点，为进一步分析，比较和做出结论而积累必要的资料，然后经过分析和综合得到一般的评价，揭示中、美、日地理课程的特点及差异为我国地理教育提供有益的参考借鉴。     

“学导式”教学法在普通高校排球专项课中的应用

学导式教学法在高校排球专项技术课中的教学实验研究表明,只要能根据大学生的特点及教学内容的具体情况,新授课采取“导”在前,复习课采取“学导式”的教学方法,是切实可行的,可以获得较好的教学效果,同时可培养学生的自我锻炼能力,提高学习积极性。