Peer relationships in adolescent competitive soccer: Associations to perceived motivational climate,achievement goals and perfectionism

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the perceived motivational climate, achievement goals, perfectionism and indices of peer relationships in a sample of young male and female Norwegian soccer players. The sample consisted of 1719 experienced soccer players (1231 males, 488 females) aged 12?–?19 years (mean = 14.9 years) participating in the Norway Cup international youth soccer competition. The players responded to a questionnaire measuring perceived peer acceptance and quality of friendship in soccer, perceived motivational climate, achievement goals and perfectionism in soccer. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that young female players who perceived the motivational climate as predominantly mastery oriented, and who were moderately task oriented and scored negatively on maladaptive perfectionism, reported better relations with their peers in soccer. Constructive peer relations were evident in that they scored positively on companionship with their best friend in soccer; they perceived this friend as being loyal and of allowing free discussion, and they reported being socially accepted by their peers in soccer. Mirroring these findings, young male players who perceived the motivational climate as predominantly performance oriented, who had a moderately negative score on task orientation but a quite strong positive score on maladaptive perfectionism, reported negative relationships with peers in terms of these aspects. They also reported being in conflict with their best soccer friend. The findings suggest that the qualities of motivation have a systematic relationship with peer acceptance and the quality of friendship in male and female youth soccer.     

我国女足U-14年龄段训练目标的构建与管理

采用问卷调查、专家访谈等研究方法,就当前我国女足U-14年龄段的训练目标的构建和管理进行分析。研究发现:当前我国急需根据女足U-14年龄段队员的身心特点和未来发展综合考量制定该年龄段全国统一的、科学的训练目标;训练目标主要包括全面的人格和道德品质培养、熟练的个人进攻和防守技能、良好的速度素质和核心力量、主动的足球意识和思维等;该年龄段训练目标可以采用划分训练分目标进行管理和划分阶段性训练目标并利用负反馈调节进行管理两种方式,确保训练目标的实现。     

论体操的分类及其内容

采用文献资料法和综合分析法,通过梳理体操内涵的变迁过程,分析体操分类与内容存在的问题,以体操功效理论作为分类标准,将体操分为三大类：一是器械性体操,二是价值性体操,三是基本体操;以体操运动技术序列发展的时空顺序为依据确立体操各类的内容。     

第30届奥运会男子足球赛进球特征分析

通过电视录像观察,对第30届伦敦奥运会男子足球决赛阶段32场比赛中75个进球特征进行统计,结果显示:下半时段进球远多于上半时段,进攻组织时以4人以上参与的中路中短传渗透为主,射门得分区域以1区、2区为主,射门方式以脚内侧抢点直接射门为主,任意球直接射门和点球得分比重大,以洲际划分的各参赛球队之间实力存在一定差距。     

Effects of Method of Subject Selection (Volunteer vs Random) and Treatment Variable on Motor Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test for possible interaction effects between method of subject selection (volunteer vs random) and a selected treatment variable—verbal encouragement. The presence of such an interaction would suggest that generalizations regarding verbal encouragement could be made only to specific subject populations. Volunteer (n = 40) and randomly selected (n = 40) subjects were randomly assigned to either a verbal encouragement condition or to a control group with no verbal encouragement. Dependent variables were a tapping task and a leg lift task. It was predicted that volunteer subjects, due to their higher need for approval and greater desire to accommodate, would perform significantly better under the verbal encouragement condition than would the randomly selected subjects. Multivariate and univariate data analyses indicated that the prediction was supported on the tapping task (female subjects only) but not on the leg lift task. It was concluded, at least on certain tasks, that use of volunteer subjects may result in a selection bias × treatment interaction effect that could limit the generalizability of research results.     

体育劳动关系的主体及其关系研究

在体育事业快速发展的今天,体育也是一种劳动的观念逐步树立,但如何恰当地界定体育劳动关系,尤其是体育劳动关系的主体及其关系却一直缺乏相应的关注。因此较为准确地界定不同类别体育领域的劳动关系主体及其关系特征,探讨在当前时代背景条件下如何构建和谐、合作的体育劳动关系,减少劳动冲突,将有助于促进体育事业的健康发展。     

从第四到第一：中国对美科学合作的位次转变

以Thomson Reuters公司的Science Citation Index-expanded为数据源,选取2006-2011六年的中美合作论文为样本,从科学计量学的视角分析了香港对中美合作论文增长的贡献,中美合作论文的维度结构,并从平均增长量和平均增长速度两个方面,确定了对中美合作论文贡献最大的学科领域。最后,探讨了中国成为美国第一科学合作国的原因。     

第19届世界杯足球赛失球数与时段的分析研究

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法,对第19届世界杯决赛阶段32支球队的失球数与时段失球规律和攻防技战术进行分析与研究,以求更好地把握世界足球运动的发展趋势,为今后我国球队的科学训练、足球理论教学和实践的发展提供参考。     

Factorial Validity and Reliability of the Curricular Goals in Physical Education Questionnaire

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of an instrument designed to measure student perceptions of curricular goals in physical education, the Curricular Goals in Physical Education Questionnaire. Participants were 879 Finnish students from grades 7 to 9 (412 girls, 467 boys; mean age 13.81). An exploratory factor analysis was performed on Sample 1 (n = 287), revealing a four-factor solution and suggesting that factor structure be cross-validated with confirmatory factor analysis in Sample 2 (n = 592). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated an acceptable fit and supported the four-factor model. Tests for gender invariance supported configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Analyses of factor mean differences indicated that girls attributed more importance than boys to physical education’s health-related goals, social and emotional learning, and motor skill development. This study confirmed the validity of the Curricular Goals in Physical Education Questionnaire to assess student perspectives on curricular goals across gender. In order to improve factor structure the authors suggest the addition of an item measuring skill acquisition to future versions of the instrument.     

李清照咏梅词心解

本文通过对李清照六首咏梅词的分析，指出梅花记载了词人不同生命阶段的人生经历和情感变化，承载了词人一生丰富深厚的情感精神，是词人生命状态的象征。